{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:56:07Z","timestamp":1781117767805,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy for research economic support","award":["B61G18000470007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B61G18000470007"]}]},{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy for research economic support","award":["FFABR-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFABR-2017"]}]},{"name":"Regione Campania-POR Campania FESR 2014\/2020 \u201cCombattere la resistenza tumorale: piattaforma integrata multidisciplinare per un approccio tecnologico innovativo alle oncoterapie-Campania Oncoterapie\u201d","award":["B61G18000470007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B61G18000470007"]}]},{"name":"Regione Campania-POR Campania FESR 2014\/2020 \u201cCombattere la resistenza tumorale: piattaforma integrata multidisciplinare per un approccio tecnologico innovativo alle oncoterapie-Campania Oncoterapie\u201d","award":["FFABR-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFABR-2017"]}]},{"name":"Fondo di ricerca di base","award":["B61G18000470007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B61G18000470007"]}]},{"name":"Fondo di ricerca di base","award":["FFABR-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFABR-2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we study the T30923 antiproliferative potential and the contribution of its loop residues in six different human cancer cell lines by preparing five T30923 variants using the single residue replacement approach of loop thymidine with an abasic site mimic (S). G-rich oligonucleotides (GRO) show interesting anticancer properties because of their capability to adopt G-quadruplex structures (G4s), such as the G4 HIV-1 integrase inhibitor T30923. Considering the multi-targeted effects of G4-aptamers and the limited number of cancer cell lines tested, particularly for T30923, it should be important to find a suitable tumor line, in addition to considering that the effects also strictly depend on G4s. CD, NMR and non-denaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data clearly show that all modified ODNs closely resemble the dimeric structure of parallel G4s\u2019 parent aptamer, keeping the resistance in biological environments substantially unchanged, as shown by nuclease stability assay. The antiproliferative effects of T30923 and its variants are tried in vitro by MTT assays, showing interesting cytotoxic activity, depending on time and dose, for all G4s, especially in MDA-MB-231 cells with a reduction in cell viability approximately up to 30%. Among all derivatives, QS12 results are the most promising, showing more pronounced cytotoxic effects both in MDA-MB-231 and Hela cells, with a decrease in cell viability from 70% to 60%. In summary, the single loop residue S substitution approach may be useful for designing antiproliferative G4s, considering that most of them, characterized by single residue loops, may be able to bind different targets in several cancer cell pathways. Generally, this approach could be of benefit by revealing some minimal functional structures, stimulating further studies aimed at the development of novel anticancer drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23115952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T08:50:22Z","timestamp":1653555022000},"page":"5952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antiproliferative Effects of the Aptamer d(GGGT)4 and Its Analogues with an Abasic-Site Mimic Loop on Different Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Virgilio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Pecoraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5371-1813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Benigno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annapina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8805-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Galeone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-05-0361","article-title":"AGRO100 inhibits activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by forming a complex with NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO) and nucleolin","volume":"5","author":"Girvan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. 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