{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:06:00Z","timestamp":1791824760943,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lithuanian Science Foundation National research program \u201cHealthy ageing\u201d","award":["(P-SEN-20-19)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(P-SEN-20-19)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>According to current guidelines, the current treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant therapy, followed by a total mesorectal excision. However, radiosensitivity tends to differ among patients due to tumor heterogeneity, making it difficult to predict the possible outcomes of the neoadjuvant therapy. This review aims to investigate different types of tissue-based biomarkers and their capability of predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. We identified 169 abstracts in NCBI PubMed, selected 48 reports considered to meet inclusion criteria and performed this systematic review. Multiple classes of molecular biomarkers, such as proteins, DNA, micro-RNA or tumor immune microenvironment, were studied as potential predictors for rectal cancer response; nonetheless, no literature to date has provided enough sufficient evidence for any of them to be introduced into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T01:40:45Z","timestamp":1653702045000},"page":"6040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tissue-Based Markers as a Tool to Assess Response to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer\u2014Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Edgaras","family":"Smolskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vilnius City Clinical Hospital, 57 Antakalnio Str., LT-10207 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goda","family":"Mikulskyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernestas","family":"Sileika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Institute, 1 Santariskiu Str., LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kestutis","family":"Suziedelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal and General Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrius","family":"Dulskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Abdominal and General Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101174","article-title":"Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040","volume":"14","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. 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