{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:01:20Z","timestamp":1790805680760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,5]],"date-time":"2022-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GJB","award":["NIH 1R01MH109026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH 1R01MH109026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperexcitability is a shared neurophysiological phenotype across various genetic neurodevelopmental disorders, including Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Several patient symptoms are associated with hyperexcitability, but a puzzling feature is that their onset is often delayed until their second and third year of life. It remains unclear how and why hyperexcitability emerges in neurodevelopmental disorders. FXS is caused by the loss of FMRP, an RNA-binding protein which has many critical roles including protein synthesis-dependent and independent regulation of ion channels and receptors, as well as global regulation of protein synthesis. Here, we discussed recent literature uncovering novel mechanisms that may drive the progressive onset of hyperexcitability in the FXS brain. We discussed in detail how recent publications have highlighted defects in homeostatic plasticity, providing new insight on the FXS brain and suggest pharmacotherapeutic strategies in FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,5]],"date-time":"2022-06-05T10:47:11Z","timestamp":1654426031000},"page":"6315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mechanisms Driving the Emergence of Neuronal Hyperexcitability in Fragile X Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Pernille","family":"B\u00fclow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menahem","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2622-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary J.","family":"Bassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.07.033","article-title":"Excitatory\/Inhibitory Balance and Circuit Homeostasis in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"87","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07457","article-title":"Failure of neuronal homeostasis results in common neuropsychiatric phenotypes","volume":"455","author":"Ramocki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17065","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.65","article-title":"Fragile X syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Hagerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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