{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:58:04Z","timestamp":1777633084123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ASFEU project","award":["26220220157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26220220157"]}]},{"name":"operating program \u201cResearch and Development\u201d","award":["26220220157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26220220157"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the physiological complexity of the tumour, a single drug therapeutic strategy may not be sufficient for effective treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that combination strategies may be important to achieve more efficient tumour responses. Different immunomodulators are frequently tested to reverse the situation for the purpose of improving immune response and minimizing chemotherapy side effects. Immodin (IM) represents an attractive alternative to complement chemotherapy, which can be used to enhance the immune system after disturbances resulting from the side effects of chemotherapy. In the presented study, a model of CT26 tumor-bearing mice was used to investigate the effect of single IM or its combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on colon cancer cells. Our results highlight that the beneficial role of IM claimed in previous studies cannot be generalised to all chemotherapeutic drugs, as 5-FU toxicity was not increased. On the contrary, the chemotherapeutic anti-cancer efficacy of 5-FU was greatly compromised when combined with IM. Indeed, the combined treatment was significantly less effective regarding the tumour growth and animal survival, most probably due to the increased number of tumour-associated macrophages, and increased 5-FU cytotoxic effect related to kidneys and the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T02:25:33Z","timestamp":1654827933000},"page":"6374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["5-Fluorouracil Treatment of CT26 Colon Cancer Is Compromised by Combined Therapy with IMMODIN"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8244-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlasta","family":"Demeckova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8007-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar","family":"Mudronova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sona","family":"Gancarcikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4312-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Kubatka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8178-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Kajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Kassayova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. 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J. \u0160af\u00e1rik University, SNP1, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"ECIS (2022, May 01). European Cancer Information System. Available online: https:\/\/ecis.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1074","article-title":"5-Fluorouracil: Mechanisms of action and clinical strategies","volume":"3","author":"Longley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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