{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:46:36Z","timestamp":1790462796101,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Government (MSIP)","award":["2021R1C1C1008042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1C1C1008042"]}]},{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea, Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital Research Institute of Medical Science","award":["2021R1C1C1008042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1C1C1008042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the world undergoes aging, the number of age-related diseases has increased. One of them is disease related to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration, such as age-related macular degeneration, causing vision loss without physical damage in the ocular system. It is the leading cause of blindness, with no cure. Although the exact pathogenesis is still unknown, the research shows that oxidative stress is one of the risk factors. Various molecules have been reported as anti-oxidative materials; however, the disease has not yet been conquered. Here, we would like to introduce photobiomodulation (PBM). PBM is a non-invasive treatment based on red and near-infrared light and has been used to cure various diseases by regulating cellular functions. Furthermore, recent studies showed its antioxidant effect, and due to this reason, PBM is arising as a new treatment for ocular disease. In this study, we confirm the antioxidant effect of PBM in retinal pigment epithelium via an RPE model with hypoxia. The function of RPE is protected by PBM against damage from hypoxia. Furthermore, we observed the protective mechanism of PBM by its suppression effect on reactive oxygen species generation. These results indicate that PBM shows great potential to cure RPE degeneration to help patients with blindness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T02:25:33Z","timestamp":1654827933000},"page":"6413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of Photobiomodulation in Suppression of Oxidative Stress on Retinal Pigment Epithelium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jongmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8694-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Yon","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea"},{"name":"Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14662, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00812.x","article-title":"Establishment of a human in vitro model of the outer blood\u2013retinal barrier","volume":"211","author":"Hamilton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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