{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:20:16Z","timestamp":1790850016837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional\u2014Escuela Superior de Medicina\u2014Programa de Posgrado Maestr\u00eda en Ciencias de la Salud","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"]}]},{"name":"SAVINGHANDS INTERNATIONAL","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Mexico plantel Tepetlixpa","award":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNAM-PAPIIT (IA202021)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is the most lethal and devastating form among the diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis bacilli enter the CNS are still unclear. However, the BBB and the BCSFB have been proposed as possible routes of access into the brain. We previously reported that certain strains of M. tuberculosis possess an enhanced ability to cause secondary CNS infection in a mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Here, we evaluated the morphostructural and molecular integrity of CNS barriers. For this purpose, we analyzed through transmission electron microscopy the ultrastructure of brain parenchymal microvessels and choroid plexus epithelium from animals infected with two mycobacterial strains. Additionally, we determined the expression of junctional proteins and cytokines by immunological techniques. The results showed that the presence of M. tuberculosis induced disruption of the BCSFB but no disruption of the BBB, and that the severity of such damage was related to the strain used, suggesting that variations in the ability to cause CNS disease among distinct strains of bacteria may also be linked to their capacity to cause direct or indirect disruption of these barriers. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in CNS tuberculosis may facilitate the establishment of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T02:25:33Z","timestamp":1654827933000},"page":"6436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Induces BCSFB Disruption but No BBB Disruption In Vivo: Implications in the Pathophysiology of Tuberculous Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0637-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garibay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"},{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Citlaltepetl","family":"Salinas-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"},{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Patogenesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Artemio","family":"G\u00f3mez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n (INR), \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra\u201d, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5013-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis O.","family":"Soto-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Patogenesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidia Karen","family":"Castill\u00f3n-Benavides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Especialidades M\u00e9dicas de la Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City 11200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Jorge","family":"Castill\u00f3n-Benavides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Center, American British Cowdry Hospital, Mexico City 05330, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n s\/n, Casco de Santo Tom\u00e1s, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogelio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Pando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition \u201cSalvador Zubir\u00e1n\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Marquina-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition \u201cSalvador Zubir\u00e1n\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel Alejandro","family":"Flores-Barrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco de la Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86658, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Chore\u00f1o-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City 14380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Le\u00f3n-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microscopia Electr\u00f3nica, Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Lilia","family":"Tena-Suck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dulce Adriana","family":"Mata-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition \u201cSalvador Zubir\u00e1n\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Porfirio","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Medina-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Servicio de Pediatr\u00eda, Hospital Juarez de M\u00e9xico, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City 07760, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Augusto","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Balderas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2016). 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