{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:15:40Z","timestamp":1781730940567,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["107-2320-B-040-027-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107-2320-B-040-027-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["110-2320-B-040-011-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2320-B-040-011-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["CSMU-TSMH-106-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSMU-TSMH-106-01"]}]},{"name":"Chung Shan Medical University, Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital","award":["107-2320-B-040-027-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107-2320-B-040-027-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Chung Shan Medical University, Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital","award":["110-2320-B-040-011-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2320-B-040-011-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Chung Shan Medical University, Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital","award":["CSMU-TSMH-106-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSMU-TSMH-106-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ototoxic hearing loss due to antibiotic medication including aminoglycosides and excess free radical production causes irreversible hair cell injury. Cichoric acid, a naturally occurring phenolic acid, has recently been found to exert anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties through its free radical scavenging capacity. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of cichoric acid against neomycin-induced ototoxicity using transgenic zebrafish (pvalb3b: TagGFP). Our results indicated that cichoric acid in concentrations up to 5 \u03bcM did not affect zebrafish viability during the 2 h treatment period. Therefore, the otoprotective concentration of cichoric acid was identified as 5 \u03bcM under 2 h treatment by counting viable hair cells within the neuromasts of the anterior- and posterior-lateral lines in the study. Pretreatment of transgenic zebrafish with 5 \u03bcM of cichoric acid for 2 h significantly protected against neomycin-induced hair cell death. Protection mediated by cichoric acid was, however, lost over time. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and FM4-64 staining, respectively, provided in situ evidence that cichoric acid ameliorated apoptotic signals and mechanotransduction machinery impairment caused by neomycin. A fish locomotor test (distance move, velocity, and rotation frequency) assessing behavioral alteration after ototoxic damage revealed rescue due to cichoric acid pretreatment before neomycin exposure. These findings suggest that cichoric acid in 5 \u03bcM under 2 h treatment has antioxidant effects and can attenuate neomycin-induced hair cell death in neuromasts. Although cichoric acid offered otoprotection, there is only a small difference between pharmacological and toxic concentrations, and hence cichoric acid can be considered a rather prototypical compound for the development of safer otoprotective compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T03:01:22Z","timestamp":1655348482000},"page":"6701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cichoric Acid May Play a Role in Protecting Hair Cells from Ototoxic Drugs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ting-Wei","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Lin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Rong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 928, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9019-2178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiann-Jou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Chyuan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 928, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.7874\/jao.2017.00360","article-title":"Ototoxicity: A Challenge in Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"22","author":"Ganesan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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