{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T13:57:08Z","timestamp":1776434228623,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22175139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22175139"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22105156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22105156"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Safety concerns remain a bottleneck for the application of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro- 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)\/1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX) cocrystal. Melamine\u2013formaldehyde (MF) resin was chosen to fabricate CL-20\/HMX cocrystal-based core\u2013shell composites (CH@MF composites) via a facile in situ polymerization method. The resulted CH@MF composites were comprehensively characterized, and a compact core\u2013shell structure was confirmed. The effects of the shell content on the properties of the composites were explored as well. As a result, we found that, except for CH@MF\u20132 with a 1% shell content, the increase in shell content led to a rougher surface morphology and more close-packed structure. The thermal decomposition peak temperature improved by 5.3 \u00b0C for the cocrystal enabled in 1.0 wt% MF resin. Regarding the sensitivity, the CH@MF composites exhibited a significantly reduced impact and friction sensitivity with negligible energy loss compared with the raw cocrystal and physical mixtures due to the cushioning and insulation effects of the MF coating. The formation mechanism of the core\u2013shell micro-composites was further clarified. Overall, this work provides a green, facile and industrially potential strategy for the desensitization of energetic cocrystals. The CH@MF composites with high thermal stability and low sensitivity are promising to be applied in propellants and polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T01:48:12Z","timestamp":1655430492000},"page":"6710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Fabrication of CL-20\/HMX Cocrystal@Melamine\u2013Formaldehyde Resin Core\u2013Shell Composites Featuring Enhanced Thermal and Safety Performance via In Situ Polymerization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-0042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binghui","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongchang","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bojun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bozhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025859203860","article-title":"Studies on CL-20: The most powerful high energy material","volume":"73","author":"Geetha","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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