{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:33:17Z","timestamp":1790029997510,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0419-2022-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0419-2022-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 72-year-old female patient with mixed rheumatic mitral valve disease and persistent atrial fibrillation underwent mitral valve replacement and suffered from a combined thrombosis of the bioprosthetic valve and the left atrium as soon as 2 days post operation. The patient immediately underwent repeated valve replacement and left atrial thrombectomy. Yet, four days later the patient died due to the recurrent prosthetic valve and left atrial thrombosis which both resulted in an extremely low cardiac output. In this patient\u2019s case, the thrombosis was notable for the resistance to anticoagulant therapy as well as for aggressive neutrophil infiltration and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) within the clot, as demonstrated by immunostaining. The reasons behind these phenomena remained unclear, as no signs of sepsis or contamination of the BHV were documented, although the patient was diagnosed with inherited thrombophilia that could impede the fibrinolysis. The described case highlights the hazard of immunothrombosis upon valve replacement and elucidates its mechanisms in this surgical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T01:48:12Z","timestamp":1655430492000},"page":"6736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early Postoperative Immunothrombosis of Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve and Left Atrium: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kostyunin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Glushkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Stasev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinat","family":"Mukhamadiyarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Velikanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Bogdanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sinitskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Asanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7477-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Ovcharenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Barbarash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8679-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Kutikhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx141","article-title":"Mechanical versus bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement","volume":"38","author":"Head","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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