{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:58Z","timestamp":1787028478187,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2020-902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2020-902"]}]},{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution","award":["075-15-2020-902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2020-902"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metformin is a first-line drug for DM2 treatment and prevention, but its complex effect on impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), including its influence on myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury, is not completely studied. We aimed to evaluate the influence of metformin on the intestinal microbiota (IM), metabolism, and functional and morphological characteristics of myocardium in rats with IGT. IGT was modelled in SPF Wistar rats with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin and nicotinamide injection. Rats were divided into three groups: IGT (without treatment), IGT MET (metformin therapy), and CRL (without IGT induction and treatment). IGT group was characterized by: higher body weight, increased serum glucose and total cholesterol levels, atherogenic coefficient, impairment in the functional parameters of the isolated heart during perfusion, and larger myocardium infarction (MI) size in comparison with the CRL group. IM of IGT rats differed from that of CRL: an increase of Bacteroides, Acinetobacter, Akkermansia, Roseburia, and a decrease of Lactobacillus genera representation. Metformin therapy led to the diminishing of metabolic syndrome (MS) symptoms, which correlated with IM restoration, especially with the growth of Akkermansia spp. and decline of Roseburia populations and their influence on other members of IM. The obtained results allow us to consider from a new point of view the expediency of probiotic A. muciniphila use for MS treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1655775807000},"page":"6837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Metformin Influence on the Intestinal Microbiota and Organism of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Ermolenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cInstitute of Experimental Medicine\u201d, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3300-1280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Simanenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyubov","family":"Voropaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cInstitute of Experimental Medicine\u201d, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Lavrenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cInstitute of Experimental Medicine\u201d, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryna","family":"Kotyleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cInstitute of Experimental Medicine\u201d, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarkis","family":"Minasian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alena","family":"Chernikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Timkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Gladyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cInstitute of Experimental Medicine\u201d, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Dmitriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cInstitute of Experimental Medicine\u201d, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2312-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Suvorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cInstitute of Experimental Medicine\u201d, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Galagudza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Karonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.47307\/GMC.2020.128.4.5","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and management of metabolic syndrome: Evolution overtime","volume":"128","author":"Rojas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gac. 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