{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:54:18Z","timestamp":1792014858627,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian Ministry of National Education and Research by Installations and Special Objectives of National Interest (IOSIN)","award":["16N\/08.02.2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16N\/08.02.2019"]}]},{"name":"Nucleu LAPLAS VI Program\u2013Contract","award":["16N\/08.02.2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16N\/08.02.2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Composites based on natural rubber reinforced with mineral (precipitated silica and chalk) and organic (sawdust and hemp) fillers in amount of 50 phr were obtained by peroxide cross-linking in the presence of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and irradiated by electron beam in the dose range of 150 and 450 kGy with the purpose of degradation. The composites mechanical characteristics, gel fraction, cross-linking degree, water uptake and weight loss in water and toluene were evaluated by specific analysis. The changes in structure and morphology were also studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Based on the results obtained in the structural analysis, possible mechanisms specific to degradation are proposed. The increasing of irradiation dose to 450 kGy produced larger agglomerated structures, cracks and micro voids on the surface, as a result of the degradation process. This is consistent with that the increasing of irradiation dose to 450 kGy leads to a decrease in crosslinking and gel fraction but also drastic changes in mechanical properties specific to the composites\u2019 degradation processes. The irradiation of composites reinforced with organic fillers lead to the formation of specific degradation compounds of both natural rubber and cellulose (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, compounds with small macromolecules). In the case of the composites reinforced with mineral fillers the degradation can occur by the cleavage of hydrogen bonds formed between precipitated silica or chalk particles and polymeric matrix also.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23136925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T21:31:06Z","timestamp":1655933466000},"page":"6925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Degradation by Electron Beam Irradiation of Some Composites Based on Natural Rubber Reinforced with Mineral and Organic Fillers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Manaila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Accelerators Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Craciun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Accelerators Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7893-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ighigeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Accelerators Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ion Bogdan","family":"Lungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multipurpose Irradiation Facility Center\u2014IRASM, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4552-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius Daniel","family":"Dumitru Grivei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Accelerators Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Daniela","family":"Stelescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leather and Footwear Research Institute, National R&D Institute for Textile and Leather, 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stelescu, M.D., Manaila, E., Nituica, M., Alexandrescu, L., and Gurau, D. 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