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Carlos III","award":["PI18-00803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18-00803"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PI21-01069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21-01069"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PI18-01235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18-01235"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PI-0268-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0268-2019"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["8110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8110"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CD20\/00022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD20\/00022"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["FI19\/00118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI19\/00118"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These vascular abnormalities result in a chronic hyperglycemic state, which influences many signaling molecular pathways that initially lead to increased oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in both types of vascular complications; it represents \u201cmandatory damage\u201d in the development of microvascular complications and only \u201cintroductory damage\u201d in the development of macrovascular complications. Increasing scientific evidence has revealed an important role of the Wnt pathway in the pathophysiology of the vascular wall. It is well known that the Wnt pathway is altered in patients with T2DM. This review aims to be an update of the current literature related to the Wnt pathway molecules that are altered in patients with T2DM, which may also be the cause of damage to the vasculature. Both microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease) are analyzed. This review aims to concisely concentrate all the evidence to facilitate the view on the vascular involvement of the Wnt pathway and its components by highlighting the importance of exploring possible therapeutic strategy for patients with T2DM who develop vascular pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23136995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T21:25:00Z","timestamp":1656019500000},"page":"6995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The Contribution of Wnt Signaling to Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3261-6745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Sanabria-de la Torre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9328-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Salvatierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"And\u00fajar-Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Heredia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4134-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9645-3260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2012.12.023","article-title":"Wnt signaling in the vasculature","volume":"319","author":"Reis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. 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