{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:32:54Z","timestamp":1793046774065,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain injury, especially traumatic brain injury (TBI), may induce severe dysfunction of extracerebral organs. Cardiac dysfunction associated with TBI is common and well known as the brain\u2013heart crosstalk, which broadly refers to different cardiac disorders such as cardiac arrhythmias, ischemia, hemodynamic insufficiency, and sudden cardiac death, which corresponds to acute disorders of brain function. TBI-related cardiac dysfunction can both worsen the brain damage and increase the risk of death. TBI-related cardiac disorders have been mainly treated symptomatically. However, the analysis of pathomechanisms of TBI-related cardiac dysfunction has highlighted an important role of melatonin in the prevention and treatment of such disorders. Melatonin is a neurohormone released by the pineal gland. It plays a crucial role in the coordination of the circadian rhythm. Additionally, melatonin possesses strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties and can modulate sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. Melatonin has a protective effect not only on the brain, by attenuating its injury, but on extracranial organs, including the heart. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular activity of melatonin in terms of TBI-related cardiac disorders. Our article describes the benefits resulting from using melatonin as an adjuvant in protection and treatment of brain injury-induced cardiac dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T09:00:13Z","timestamp":1656234013000},"page":"7094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Melatonin and the Brain\u2013Heart Crosstalk in Neurocritically Ill Patients\u2014From Molecular Action to Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Artur","family":"Beka\u0142a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W\u0142odzimierz","family":"P\u0142otek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1001-0080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Siwicka-Gieroba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"So\u0142ek-Pastuszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-242 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romuald","family":"Bohatyrewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-242 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jowita","family":"Biernawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-242 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8430-1369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kotfis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Bielacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Jaroszy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Science, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-735 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0449-2375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Dabrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30371-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: Integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"16","author":"Maas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2512-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe","volume":"157","author":"Peeters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0270-1","article-title":"WSES consensus conference guidelines: Monitoring and management of severe adult traumatic brain injury patients with polytrauma in the first 24 hours","volume":"29","author":"Picetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. 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