{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:10:57Z","timestamp":1776867057580,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["K 125201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K 125201"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["FK 138115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 138115"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["TKP2021-EGA-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-24"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["TKP2021-EGA-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-02"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary","award":["K 125201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K 125201"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary","award":["FK 138115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 138115"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary","award":["TKP2021-EGA-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-24"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary","award":["TKP2021-EGA-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are not synthesized in the human body but are generally ingested in substantial amounts. The widespread view that TFAs, particularly those of industrial origin, are unhealthy and contribute to obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is based mostly on in vivo studies, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a hepatoma model of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity to compare the metabolism and effects of the representative industrial and ruminant TFAs, elaidate and vaccenate, respectively, with those of cis-oleate. Cellular FAs, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and ceramides were quantitated using chromatography, markers of stress and apoptosis were assessed at mRNA and protein levels, ultrastructural changes were examined by electron microscopy and viability was evaluated by MTT assay. While TFAs were just slightly more damaging than oleate when applied alone, they were remarkably less protective against palmitate toxicity in cotreatments. These differences correlated with their diverse incorporation into the accumulating diacylglycerols and ceramides. Our results provide in vitro evidence for the unfavorable metabolic features and potent stress-inducing character of TFAs in comparison with oleate. These findings strengthen the reasoning against dietary trans fat intake, and they can also help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:21:50Z","timestamp":1656634910000},"page":"7298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Different Metabolism and Toxicity of TRANS Fatty Acids, Elaidate and Vaccenate Compared to Cis-Oleate in HepG2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5525-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farkas","family":"Sarnyai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4778-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9va","family":"Kereszturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kitti","family":"Szirmai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"M\u00e1ty\u00e1si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna Iman","family":"Al-Hag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2098-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Csizmadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, H-1053 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2450-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"L\u0151w","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, H-1053 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Szel\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Tam\u00e1si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6808-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Tibori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Z\u00e1mb\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blanka","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Csala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77727-9","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in the rumen","volume":"76","author":"Jenkins","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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