{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:59Z","timestamp":1787028479594,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONICYT PCI PII20150053","award":["2018.072.039-1.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018.072.039-1.0"]}]},{"name":"CONICYT PCI PII20150053","award":["1200250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200250"]}]},{"name":"CONICYT PCI PII20150053","award":["1211480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1211480"]}]},{"name":"CONICYT PCI PII20150053","award":["11190522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11190522"]}]},{"name":"CONICYT PCI PII20150053","award":["11170710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11170710"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["2018.072.039-1.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018.072.039-1.0"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["1200250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200250"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["1211480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1211480"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["11190522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11190522"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["11170710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11170710"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT de Iniciaci\u00f3n","award":["2018.072.039-1.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018.072.039-1.0"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT de Iniciaci\u00f3n","award":["1200250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200250"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT de Iniciaci\u00f3n","award":["1211480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1211480"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT de Iniciaci\u00f3n","award":["11190522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11190522"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT de Iniciaci\u00f3n","award":["11170710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11170710"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is the most harmful form of cholesterol associated with vascular atherosclerosis and hepatic injury, mainly due to inflammatory cell infiltration and subsequent severe tissue injury. Lox-1 is the central ox-LDL receptor expressed in endothelial and immune cells, its activation regulating inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factor secretion. Recently, a Lox-1 truncated protein isoform lacking the ox-LDL binding domain named LOXIN has been described. We have previously shown that LOXIN overexpression blocked Lox-1-mediated ox-LDL internalization in human endothelial progenitor cells in vitro. However, the functional role of LOXIN in targeting inflammation or tissue injury in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we investigate whether LOXIN modulated the expression of Lox-1 and reduced the inflammatory response in a high-fat-diet mice model. Results indicate that human LOXIN blocks Lox-1 mediated uptake of ox-LDL in H4-II-E-C3 cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that overexpression of LOXIN reduced both fatty streak lesions in the aorta and inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. These findings were associated with the down-regulation of Lox-1 in endothelial cells. Then, LOXIN prevents hepatic and aortic tissue damage in vivo associated with reduced Lox-1 expression in endothelial cells. We encourage future research to understand better the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic use of LOXIN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:21:50Z","timestamp":1656634910000},"page":"7329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Loxin Reduced the Inflammatory Response in the Liver and the Aortic Fatty Streak Formation in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7673-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Nova-Lamperti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Duran-Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0945-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chillan 3787000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6589-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Guzman-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Bustos-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6310-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeska","family":"Ormaz\u00e1bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0286-565X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe A.","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7688-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillan 3787000, Chile"},{"name":"Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan 3787000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"},{"name":"Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan 3787000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2017.08.013","article-title":"LOX-1: A potential target for therapy in atherosclerosis; an in vitro study","volume":"91","author":"Arjuman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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