{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T13:59:50Z","timestamp":1788011990640,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an acquired, late-onset inflammatory myopathy, with both inflammatory and degenerative pathogenesis. Although idiopathic inflammatory myopathies may be associated with malignancies, IBM is generally not considered paraneoplastic. Many studies of malignancy in inflammatory myopathies did not include IBM patients. Indeed, IBM is often diagnosed only after around 5 years from onset, while paraneoplastic myositis is generally defined as the co-occurrence of malignancy and myopathy within 1 to 3 years of each other. Nevertheless, a significant association with large granular lymphocyte leukemia has been recently described in IBM, and there are reports of cancer-associated IBM. We review the pathogenic mechanisms supposed to be involved in IBM and outline the common mechanisms in IBM and malignancy, as well as the therapeutic perspectives. The terminally differentiated, CD8+ highly cytotoxic T cells expressing NK features are central in the pathogenesis of IBM and, paradoxically, play a role in some cancers as well. Interferon gamma plays a central role, mostly during the early stages of the disease. The secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, the autophagy and cell cycle dysregulation, and the crosstalk between metabolic and mitogenic pathways could be shared by IBM and cancer. There are intermingled subcellular mechanisms in IBM and neoplasia, and probably their co-existence is underestimated. The link between IBM and cancers deserves further interest, in order to search for efficient therapies in IBM and to improve muscle function, life quality, and survival in both diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T22:50:46Z","timestamp":1656888646000},"page":"7358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Inclusion Body Myositis and Neoplasia: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Damian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior St., 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4690-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian Cezar","family":"Login","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Radiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Belizna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS 6015\u2014INSERM U1083, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Clinique de l\u2019Anjou, Angers and Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49100 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Encica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cNiculae Stancioiu\u201d Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Mo\u021bilor St., 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Urian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400004 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400014 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciprian","family":"Jurcut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Calea Plevnei No 134, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9319-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Stancu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Surgical Department, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2476-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romana","family":"Vulturar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University \u201cBabes-Bolyai\u201d Cluj-Napoca, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00321-x","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"7","author":"Lundberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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