{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:31:28Z","timestamp":1790019088560,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["CTS.205.UGR18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS.205.UGR18"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["PI 2018 P. Excelencia-P18-RT-698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI 2018 P. Excelencia-P18-RT-698"]}]},{"name":"FEDER Regional Development Fund","award":["CTS.205.UGR18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS.205.UGR18"]}]},{"name":"FEDER Regional Development Fund","award":["PI 2018 P. Excelencia-P18-RT-698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI 2018 P. Excelencia-P18-RT-698"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The zebrafish has become an excellent model for the study of human diseases because it offers many advantages over other vertebrate animal models. The pineal gland, as well as the biological clock and circadian rhythms, are highly conserved in zebrafish, and melatonin is produced in the pineal gland and in most organs and tissues of the body. Zebrafish have several copies of the clock genes and of aanat and asmt genes, the latter involved in melatonin synthesis. As in mammals, melatonin can act through its membrane receptors, as with zebrafish, and through mechanisms that are independent of receptors. Pineal melatonin regulates peripheral clocks and the circadian rhythms of the body, such as the sleep\/wake rhythm, among others. Extrapineal melatonin functions include antioxidant activity, inducing the endogenous antioxidants enzymes, scavenging activity, removing free radicals, anti-inflammatory activity through the regulation of the NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and a homeostatic role in mitochondria. In this review, we introduce the utility of zebrafish to analyze the mechanisms of action of melatonin. The data here presented showed that the zebrafish is a useful model to study human diseases and that melatonin exerts beneficial effects on many pathophysiological processes involved in these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T11:15:05Z","timestamp":1656933305000},"page":"7438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Zebrafish, an Outstanding Model for Biomedical Research in the Field of Melatonin and Human Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1171-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Aranda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Technological Park of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5593-6733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Technological Park of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5855-0449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Technological Park of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6243-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Guerra-Librero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Technological Park of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERfes, Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5345-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Technological Park of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1256-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germaine","family":"Escames","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Technological Park of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERfes, Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9680-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dar\u00edo","family":"Acu\u00f1a-Castroviejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Technological Park of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERfes, Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"UGC of Clinical Laboratories, San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2007.00030.x","article-title":"The behaviour and ecology of the zebrafish, Danio rerio","volume":"83","author":"Spence","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. 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