{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T15:11:05Z","timestamp":1763392265899,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":null,"issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rostock University Medical Center","award":["889046","889052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["889046","889052"]}]},{"name":"Centre of Transdisciplinary Neuroscience Rostock"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington\u2019s disease (HD), early diagnosis is essential to treat patients and delay symptoms. Impaired olfaction, as observed as an early symptom in Parkinson\u00b4s disease, may also constitute a key symptom in HD. However, there are few reports on olfactory deficits in HD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, in a transgenic rat model of HD: (1) whether general olfactory impairment exists and (2) whether there are disease-specific dynamics of olfactory dysfunction when the vomeronasal (VNE) and main olfactory epithelium (MOE) are compared. Methods. We used male rats of transgenic line 22 (TG22) of the bacterial artificial chromosome Huntington disease model (BACHD), aged 3 days or 6 months. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and macrophage activity were examined with immunohistochemistry in the VNE and MOE. Results. No differences were observed in cellular parameters in the VNE between the groups. However, the MOE of the 6-month-old HD animals showed a significantly increased number of mature olfactory receptor neurons. Other cellular parameters were not affected. Conclusions. The results obtained in the TG22 line suggest a relative stability in the VNE, whereas the MOE seems at least temporarily affected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T20:48:00Z","timestamp":1657486080000},"page":"7625","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Cellular Balance of Olfactory and Vomeronasal Epithelia in a Transgenic BACHD Rat Model of Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2363-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina-Marielle","family":"Krysewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Power Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, 01034 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Glatzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7977-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Holzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Antipova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Yu-Taeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6139-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huu Phuc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Wree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4538-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":null,"published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww165","article-title":"George Huntington: A legacy of inquiry, empathy and hope","volume":"139","author":"Wexler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1058464","DOI":"10.1080\/21675511.2015.1058464","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease is a multi-system disorder","volume":"3","author":"Mielcarek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","article-title":"The Huntington\u2019s Disease Collaborative Research Group: A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington\u2019s disease chromosomes","volume":"72","author":"MacDonald","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2004.00241.x","article-title":"A new model for prediction of the age of onset and penetrance for Huntington\u2019s disease based on CAG length","volume":"65","author":"Langbehn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. 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