{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:24:00Z","timestamp":1790821440777,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SB 52\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB 52\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012_A103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012_A103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015_A228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015_A228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MiRNAs are important epigenetic players with tissue- and disease-specific effects. In this study, our aim was to investigate the putative differential expression of miRNAs in adrenal tissues from different forms of Cushing\u2019s syndrome (CS). For this, miRNA-based next-generation sequencing was performed in adrenal tissues taken from patients with ACTH-independent cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenomas (CPA), from patients with ACTH-dependent pituitary Cushing\u2019s disease (CD) after bilateral adrenalectomy, and from control subjects. A confirmatory QPCR was also performed in adrenals from patients with other CS subtypes, such as primary bilateral macronodular hyperplasia and ectopic CS. Sequencing revealed significant differences in the miRNA profiles of CD and CPA. QPCR revealed the upregulated expression of miR-1247-5p in CPA and PBMAH (log2 fold change &gt; 2.5, p &lt; 0.05). MiR-379-5p was found to be upregulated in PBMAH and CD (log2 fold change &gt; 1.8, p &lt; 0.05). Analyses of miR-1247-5p and miR-379-5p expression in the adrenals of mice which had been exposed to short-term ACTH stimulation showed no influence on the adrenal miRNA expression profiles. For miRNA-specific target prediction, RNA-seq data from the adrenals of CPA, PBMAH, and control samples were analyzed with different bioinformatic platforms. The analyses revealed that both miR-1247-5p and miR-379-5p target specific genes in the WNT signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study identified distinct adrenal miRNAs as being associated with CS subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T03:50:36Z","timestamp":1657597836000},"page":"7676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of Adrenal miRNA-Based Dysregulations in Cushing\u2019s Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1932-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharmilee","family":"Vetrivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareen","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"O\u00dfwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4923-2596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Wielockx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6271-5533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silviu","family":"Sbiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Reincke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3231-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Riester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kot\u0142owska, A., Puzyn, T., Sworczak, K., Stepnowski, P., and Szefer, P. (2017). Metabolomic biomarkers in urine of cushing\u2019s syndrome pa-tients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020294"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0464","article-title":"High mortality within 90 days of diagnosis in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: Results from the ERCUSYN registry","volume":"181","author":"Valassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000134829","article-title":"Cushing syndrome caused by adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias (corticotropin-independent Cushing syn-drome)","volume":"13","author":"Stratakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2017220154","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220154","article-title":"Primary bilateral adrenal nodular disease with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: Varying aeti-ology","volume":"2017","author":"Jarial","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ. Case. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.632543","article-title":"Molecular Genetic and Genomic Alterations in Cushing\u2019s Syndrome and Primary Aldosteronism","volume":"12","author":"Kamilaris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-1095","article-title":"The burden of Cushing\u2019s disease: Clinical and health-related quality of life aspects","volume":"167","author":"Feelders","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30155-4","article-title":"Advances in the medical treatment of Cush-ing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Feelders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2012-1331","article-title":"Dicer Deficiency Reveals MicroRNAs Predicted to Control Gene Expression in the Developing Adrenal Cortex","volume":"27","author":"Krill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021903","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2021903","article-title":"Regulation of Corticosteroidogenic Genes by MicroRNAs","volume":"2017","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bujko, M., Kober, P., Boresowicz, J., Rusetska, N., Zeber-Lubecka, N., Paziewska, A., Pekul, M., Zielinski, G., Styk, A., and Kunicki, J. (2021). Differential microRNA Expression in USP8-Mutated and Wild-Type Corticotroph Pituitary Tumors Reflect the Difference in Protein Ubiquitination Processes. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030375"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3278","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-0155","article-title":"MicroRNA Signature of Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease: Clinical Correlations and Regulation of Wnt Signaling","volume":"69","author":"Iliopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, X.-G., Zhu, J., and Cui, L. (2022). MicroRNA expression signature and target prediction in familial and sporadic primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH). BMC Endocr. Disord., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00910-7"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2021.09.018","article-title":"KDM1A inactivation causes hereditary food-dependent Cushing syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Vaczlavik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03725.x","article-title":"MicroRNA signature in massive macronodular adrenocortical disease and implications for adrenocortical tumorigenesis","volume":"72","author":"Bimpaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.620012","article-title":"Circulating microRNA Expression in Cushing\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Vetrivel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00402","article-title":"Overview of microRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of actions, and circulation","volume":"9","author":"Hayder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"146","article-title":"MicroRNAs in endocrine tumors","volume":"30","author":"Butz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electron. J. Int. Fed. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1285","article-title":"ACTH-Dependent Regulation of MicroRNA As Endogenous Modulators of Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression in the Adrenal Gland","volume":"153","author":"Riester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1959","article-title":"Investigations on the mechanism of progesterone in inhibiting endo-metrial cancer cell cycle and viability via regulation of long noncoding RNA NEAT1\/microRNA-146b-5p mediated Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"71","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R21","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-19-0105","article-title":"The role of miRNAs in regulating adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Azhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Allen, M.J., and Sharma, S. (2021, December 08). Physiology, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH). StatPearls 2021, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK500031\/."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Z., Shen, W.-J., Cortez, Y., Tang, X., Liu, L.-F., Kraemer, F.B., and Azhar, S. (2013). Hormonal Regulation of MicroRNA Expression in Steroid Producing Cells of the Ovary, Testis and Adrenal Gland. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078040"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E243","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1222","article-title":"Clinical, biochemical, and molecular characterization of macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia of the zona reticularis: A new syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Ghayee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2014.895377","article-title":"3\u03b2HSD and CYB5A double positive adrenocortical cells during adrenal development\/aging","volume":"40","author":"Nakamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng, L.F., Kaur, P., Bunnag, N., Suresh, J., Sung, I.C.H., Tan, Q.H., Gruber, J., and Tolwinski, N.S. (2019). WNT Signaling in Disease. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080826"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2015.03.018","article-title":"microRNA regulation of Wnt signaling pathways in development and disease","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310359","article-title":"Constitutive Activation of PKA Catalytic Subunit in Adrenal Cushing\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"370","author":"Beuschlein","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1934","article-title":"Decreased expression of SFRP2 promotes development of the pituitary corticotroph adenoma by upregulating Wnt signaling","volume":"52","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107524","article-title":"Beta-Catenin Causes Adrenal Hyperplasia by Blocking Zonal Transdifferentiation","volume":"31","author":"Pignatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1957710","article-title":"Canonical and noncanonical Wnts use a common mechanism to activate completely unrelated coreceptors","volume":"24","author":"Grumolato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114802109","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling requires interaction of the Dishevelled DEP domain and C terminus with a discontinuous motif in Frizzled","volume":"109","author":"Tauriello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colli, L.M., Saggioro, F., Neder Serafini, L., Camargo, R.C., Machado, H., Moreira, A.C., Antonini, S.R., and De Castro, M. (2013). Components of the Canonical and Non-Canonical Wnt Pathways Are Not Mis-Expressed in Pituitary Tumors. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062424"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7453","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-3133","article-title":"En-dothelin A receptor\/\u03b2-arrestin signaling to the Wnt pathway renders ovarian cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy","volume":"74","author":"Cianfrocca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5811","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05811","article-title":"ROR1 expression correlated with poor clinical outcome in human ovarian cancer","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gau033","article-title":"Uterine epithelial cell proliferation and endometrial hyperplasia: Evidence from a mouse model","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"970607","article-title":"Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation","volume":"2014","author":"Orang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Genom."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"D148","article-title":"miRTarBase 2020: Up-dates to the experimentally validated microRNA\u2013target interaction database","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1629-z","article-title":"Prediction of functional microRNA targets by integrative modeling of microRNA binding and target expres-sion data","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw002","article-title":"Improving microRNA target prediction by modeling with unambiguously identified microRNA-target pairs from CLIP-ligation studies","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBnet. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D68","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1181","article-title":"miRBase: Annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data","volume":"42","author":"Kozomara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"129","article-title":"miRBase: The MicroRNA Sequence Database","volume":"342","year":"2006","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W530","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz415","article-title":"sRNAbench and sRNAtoolbox 2019: Intuitive fast small RNA profiling and differential expression","volume":"47","author":"Rueda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R106","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-10-r106","article-title":"Differential expression analysis for sequence count data","volume":"11","author":"Anders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"EdgeR: A Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0223-2_4","article-title":"Analysis of RNA Sequencing Data Using CLC Genomics Workbench","volume":"2102","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BILE.0000019559.84305.47","article-title":"Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: BestKeeper--Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations","volume":"26","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.04.128","article-title":"Evaluation of the performance of serum miRNAs as normalizers in microRNA studies focused on cardiovascular disease","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66367-1","article-title":"Reference Genes for Expression Studies in Human CD8 + Na\u00efve and Effector Memory T Cells under Resting and Activating Conditions","volume":"10","author":"Geigges","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1981-7","article-title":"Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for qPCR Analysis of Serum microRNA in Gastric Cancer Patients","volume":"57","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2013.148","article-title":"Analysis of cir-culating microRNAs in adrenocortical tumors","volume":"94","author":"Luconi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butz, H., M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros, K., Lik\u00f3, I., and Patocs, A. (2021). Wnt-Signaling Regulated by Glucocorticoid-Induced miRNAs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111778"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19798","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99366-x","article-title":"Ppia is the most stable housekeeping gene for qRT-PCR normalization in kidneys of three Pkd1-deficient mouse models","volume":"11","author":"Anauate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2021.105821","article-title":"Selection and verification of the combination of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in rat adrenal gland development","volume":"208","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D687","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1028","article-title":"The reactome pathway knowledgebase 2022","volume":"50","author":"Gillespie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D394","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1106","article-title":"PANTHER version 16: A revised family classification, tree-based classification tool, enhancer regions and extensive API","volume":"49","author":"Mi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-018-0162-y","article-title":"MicroRNA-1247 inhibits cell proliferation by directly targeting ZNF346 in childhood neuroblastoma","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57112-4","article-title":"Identification of housekeeping genes for microRNA expression analysis in kidney tissues of Pkd1 deficient mouse models","volume":"10","author":"Anauate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0538-y","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of miRNAs in human DLPFC and its association with miRNA dysregulation in schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60618-x","article-title":"Impact of different stabilization methods on RT-qPCR results using human lung tissue samples","volume":"10","author":"Villena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/14\/7676\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:48:32Z","timestamp":1760140112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/14\/7676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23147676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23147676","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]}}}