{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:03:42Z","timestamp":1792789422125,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University","award":["GNT1158952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1158952"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1158952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1158952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophils and their regulatory molecules have been associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunctions; eosinophil accumulation in the gut is prominent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The chemokine receptor CCR3 plays a pivotal role in local and systemic recruitment and activation of eosinophils. In this study, we targeted CCR3-ligand interactions with a potent CCR3 receptor antagonist, SB328437, to alleviate eosinophil-associated immunological responses in the Winnie model of spontaneous chronic colitis. Winnie and C57BL\/6 mice were treated with SB328437 or vehicle. Clinical and histopathological parameters of chronic colitis were assessed. Flow cytometry was performed to discern changes in colonic, splenic, circulatory, and bone marrow-derived leukocytes. Changes to the serum levels of eosinophil-associated chemokines and cytokines were measured using BioPlex. Inhibition of CCR3 receptors with SB328437 attenuated disease activity and gross morphological damage to the inflamed intestines and reduced eosinophils and their regulatory molecules in the inflamed colon and circulation. SB328437 had no effect on eosinophils and their progenitor cells in the spleen and bone marrow. This study demonstrates that targeting eosinophils via the CCR3 axis has anti-inflammatory effects in the inflamed intestine, and also contributes to understanding the role of eosinophils as potential end-point targets for IBD treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"7780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Potent CCR3 Receptor Antagonist, SB328437, Suppresses Colonic Eosinophil Chemotaxis and Inflammation in the Winnie Murine Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rhiannon T.","family":"Filippone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narges","family":"Dargahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1688-8043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajaraman","family":"Eri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4656-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Uranga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel C.","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasso","family":"Apostolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"},{"name":"Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2597-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kulmira","family":"Nurgali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine-Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.030916","article-title":"Chemokines in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"58","author":"Danese","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1RU0716-327R","article-title":"Role of chemokine receptors and intestinal epithelial cells in the mucosal inflammation and tolerance","volume":"101","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113149990158","article-title":"Leukocyte traffic blockade as a therapeutic strategy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Bamias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132458","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/132458","article-title":"Enhanced levels of chemokines and their receptors in the colon of microscopic colitis patients indicate mixed immune cell recruitment","volume":"2015","author":"Gunaltay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"253","article-title":"Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of microscopic colitis","volume":"24","author":"Tysk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.072595","article-title":"The role of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"54","author":"Riddell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz024","article-title":"Eosinophils in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"25","author":"Filippone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0496-449","article-title":"Human eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia","volume":"2","author":"Rothenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2007.12.001","article-title":"Role of gastrointestinal eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal tumours","volume":"22","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4979.1315","article-title":"Richards WCD: Biopsy Studies in Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"1","author":"Truelove","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.2.242","article-title":"Activated eosinophils and interleukin 5 expression in early recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Dubucquoi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smyth, C.M., Akasheh, N., Woods, S., Kay, E., Morgan, R.K., Thornton, M.A., O\u2019Grady, A., Cummins, R., Sheils, O., and Smyth, P. (2013). Activated Eosinophils in Association with Enteric Nerves in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064216"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13391","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13391","article-title":"Targeting eotaxin-1 and CCR3 receptor alleviates enteric neuropathy and colonic dysfunction in TNBS-induced colitis in guinea pigs","volume":"30","author":"Filippone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil. Off. J. Eur. Gastrointest. Motil. Soc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i27.3503","article-title":"Eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract and their role in the pathogenesis of major colorectal disorders","volume":"25","author":"Loktionov","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03325.x","article-title":"Haemopoietic processes in allergic disease: Eosinophil\/basophil development","volume":"39","author":"Gauvreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090720","article-title":"The eosinophil","volume":"24","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00115","article-title":"Transcription Factors in Eosinophil Development and As Therapeutic Targets","volume":"4","author":"Fulkerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"14","article-title":"Humoral regulation of eosinophilopoiesis in vitro: Analysis of the targets of interleukin-3, granulocyte\/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-5","volume":"3","author":"Sonoda","year":"1989","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400732","article-title":"IL-5 triggers a cooperative cytokine network that promotes eosinophil precursor maturation","volume":"193","author":"Fulkerson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.002","article-title":"Eosinophil extracellular DNA traps in skin diseases","volume":"127","author":"Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.1.343","article-title":"Interleukin 5 and phenotypically altered eosinophils in the blood of patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome","volume":"170","author":"Owen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03349.x","article-title":"Local proliferation and mobilization of CCR3(+) CD34(+) eosinophil-lineage-committed cells in the lung","volume":"132","author":"Bossios","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, A.M.F., Costanzo, A., Gareau, M.G., Armando, A.M., Quehenberger, O., Jameson, J.M., and Olefsky, J.M. (2015). High Fat Diet Causes Depletion of Intestinal Eosinophils Associated with Intestinal Permeability. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122195"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6067","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220572110","article-title":"Eosinophil adoptive transfer system to directly evaluate pulmonary eosinophil trafficking in vivo","volume":"110","author":"Wen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4004","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4004","article-title":"Functionally competent eosinophils differentiated ex vivo in high purity from normal mouse bone marrow","volume":"181","author":"Dyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5600","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801581","article-title":"Common \u03b3-Chain-Dependent Signals Confer Selective Survival of Eosinophils in the Murine Small Intestine","volume":"183","author":"Carlens","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400413","article-title":"Roles and Regulation of Gastrointestinal Eosinophils in Immunity and Disease","volume":"193","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2350\/11-05-0130.1","article-title":"Quantity and Distribution of Eosinophils in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Children","volume":"9","author":"DeBrosse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatric Dev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04248.x","article-title":"Increased expression of chemokine receptor CCR3 and its ligands in ulcerative colitis: The role of colonic epithelial cells in in vitro studies","volume":"162","author":"Manousou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23841.x","article-title":"Chemokines: Key players in innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"125","author":"Esche","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01309.x","article-title":"Role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"105","author":"Ajuebor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S641","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx145","article-title":"Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Pitfalls and Promise","volume":"12","author":"Trivedi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crohns. Colitis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2008.10.004","article-title":"Functional Role of Eosinophils in Gastrointestinal Inflammation","volume":"29","author":"Hogan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(99)01635-4","article-title":"Eotaxin and eosinophil recruitment: Implications for human disease","volume":"6","author":"Rankin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Today"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.6.4401","article-title":"LPS induces eosinophil migration via CCR3 signaling through a mechanism independent of RANTES and Eotaxin","volume":"25","author":"Penido","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/path.904","article-title":"Distribution and activation of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease using an improved immunohistochemical technique","volume":"194","author":"Jeziorska","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05687.x","article-title":"Elevated serum eotaxin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"97","author":"Mir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750153377","article-title":"Increased serum levels of eotaxin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2329-7","article-title":"Recurrent blood eosinophilia in ulcerative colitis is associated with severe disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"58","author":"Barrie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000212","article-title":"Role of type 2 immunity in intestinal inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Bamias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4602","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.10.4602","article-title":"Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in Th1 (mycobacterial) and Th2 (schistosomal) antigen-induced granuloma formation: Relationship to local inflammation, Th cell expression, and IL-12 production","volume":"157","author":"Chensue","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.015","article-title":"IL-33, an Interleukin-1-like Cytokine that Signals via the IL-1 Receptor-Related Protein ST2 and Induces T Helper Type 2-Associated Cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Schmitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)61504-8","article-title":"Characterization of binding between the chemokine eotaxin and peptides derived from the chemokine receptor CCR3","volume":"275","author":"Ye","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271252","article-title":"Enhanced expression of eotaxin and CCR3 mRNA and protein in atopic asthma. Association with airway hyperresponsiveness and predominant co-localization of eotaxin mRNA to bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells","volume":"27","author":"Ying","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17406","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R113.546218","article-title":"Eosinophil granule proteins: Form and function","volume":"289","author":"Acharya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"137","article-title":"Eosinophil activation and function in health and disease","volume":"57","author":"Kita","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol. Ser."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413-016-0112-5","article-title":"Eosinophilic bioactivities in severe asthma","volume":"9","author":"Carr","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4065\/72.2.117","article-title":"Increased eosinophil granule proteins in gut lavage fluid from patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"72","author":"Levy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15442","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160715442","article-title":"Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN\/RNase 2) and the mouse eosinophil-associated RNases (mEars): Expanding roles in promoting host defense","volume":"16","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754413","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.754413","article-title":"Role of Eosinophils in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overlooked Villain?","volume":"12","author":"Jacobs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306998","article-title":"Eosinophil-mediated signalling attenuates inflammatory responses in experimental colitis","volume":"64","author":"Masterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000373","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2020-000373","article-title":"Outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with eosinophil-predominant colonic inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Alhmoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2040075","article-title":"Toxic effects of human eosinophil products on isolated rat heart cells in vitro","volume":"204","author":"Tai","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(80)80073-6","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease: Transmission electron microscopic studies. III. Target tissues. Proliferation of and injury to smooth muscle and the autonomic nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Dvorak","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"O420","article-title":"Severe eosinophilic infiltration in colonic biopsies predicts patients with ulcerative colitis not responding to medical therapy","volume":"16","author":"Zezos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis. Off. J. Assoc. Coloproctology Great Br. Irel."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2015.04.003","article-title":"Eosinophils in gastrointestinal disorders: Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, and parasitic infections","volume":"35","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"475","article-title":"Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder: Is it what it seems to be?","volume":"31","author":"Zammit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001784","article-title":"Clinical Implications of Pediatric Colonic Eosinophilia","volume":"66","author":"Mark","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2017.9.4.360","article-title":"CCR3 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits Eosinophilic Inflammation and Mucosal Injury in a Mouse Model of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3838","article-title":"Targeting eosinophils in allergy, inflammation and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Fulkerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7390","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7390","article-title":"Intestinal Macrophage\/Epithelial Cell-Derived CCL11\/Eotaxin-1 Mediates Eosinophil Recruitment and Function in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"181","author":"Ahrens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.07.039","article-title":"CCR3 Blockade Attenuates Eosinophilic Ileitis and Associated Remodeling","volume":"179","author":"Masterson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-009-0795-x","article-title":"Structural changes in the epithelium of the small intestine and immune cell infiltration of enteric ganglia following acute mucosal damage and local inflammation","volume":"455","author":"Pontell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.197707","article-title":"Morphological and functional changes in guinea-pig neurons projecting to the ileal mucosa at early stages after inflammatory damage","volume":"589","author":"Nurgali","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.02.010","article-title":"Uncovering Pathogenic Mechanisms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Mouse Models of Crohn\u2019s Disease-Like Ileitis: What is the Right Model?","volume":"4","author":"Cominelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-015-2251-3","article-title":"Alterations in the distal colon innervation in Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis","volume":"362","author":"Rahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G85","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00210.2016","article-title":"Alterations of colonic function in the Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis","volume":"312","author":"Robinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000970","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis: Relevance to Human Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"22","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heazlewood, C.K., Cook, M.C., Eri, R., Price, G.R., Tauro, S.B., Taupin, D., Thornton, D.J., Png, C.W., Crockford, T.L., and Cornall, R.J. (2008). Aberrant Mucin Assembly in Mice Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Spontaneous Inflammation Resembling Ulcerative Colitis. PLOS Med., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050054"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.74","article-title":"An intestinal epithelial defect conferring ER stress results in inflammation involving both innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"4","author":"Eri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.4.544","article-title":"Mucin gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"49","author":"Buisine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2465-z","article-title":"Rectal prolapse in Winnie mice with spontaneous chronic colitis: Changes in intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the rectum","volume":"366","author":"Rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy016","article-title":"The Onset and Progression of Chronic Colitis Parallels Increased Mucosal Serotonin Release via Enterochromaffin Cell Hyperplasia and Downregulation of the Serotonin Reuptake Transporter","volume":"24","author":"Stavely","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel. Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"1341","article-title":"Animal models of ulcerative colitis and their application in drug research","volume":"7","author":"Low","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G763","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00004.2013","article-title":"The value of experimental models of colitis in predicting efficacy of biological therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"305","author":"Valatas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa161","article-title":"Inhibition of APE1\/Ref-1 Redox Signaling Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction and Damage to Myenteric Neurons in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis","volume":"27","author":"Sahakian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i1.21","article-title":"Differential diagnosis in inflammatory bowel disease colitis: State of the art and future perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Tontini","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol. WJG"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.05.003","article-title":"Novel peptide nanoparticle-biased antagonist of CCR3 blocks eosinophil recruitment and airway hyperresponsiveness","volume":"143","author":"Grozdanovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16418","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607863103","article-title":"A central regulatory role for eosinophils and the eotaxin\/CCR3 axis in chronic experimental allergic airway inflammation","volume":"103","author":"Fulkerson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f54e","article-title":"The role of polymorphonuclear leukocyte trafficking in the perpetuation of inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Brazil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018886423475","article-title":"Quantification of inflammatory mediators in stool samples of patients with inflammatory bowel disorders and controls","volume":"42","author":"Bischoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01640.x","article-title":"Fecal eosinophil granule-derived proteins reflect disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"94","author":"Saitoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05837.x","article-title":"A new method for the quantification of neutrophil and eosinophil cationic proteins in feces: Establishment of normal levels and clinical application in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"97","author":"Peterson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01223.x","article-title":"Increased intraluminal release of eosinophil granule proteins EPO, ECP, EPX, and cytokines in ulcerative colitis and proctitis in segmental perfusion","volume":"94","author":"Carlson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200302000-00006","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of intestinal eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Carvalho","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.5.752","article-title":"Eosinophilic myenteric ganglionitis is associated with functional intestinal obstruction","volume":"52","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11703","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.20.11703","article-title":"Signals and receptors involved in recruitment of inflammatory cells","volume":"270","author":"Michiel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01565.x","article-title":"A parallel signal-transduction pathway for eotaxin- and interleukin-5-induced eosinophil shape change","volume":"108","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36626","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006613200","article-title":"Identification of potent, selective non-peptide CC chemokine receptor-3 antagonist that inhibits eotaxin-, eotaxin-2-, and monocyte chemotactic protein-4-induced eosinophil migration","volume":"275","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1159\/000322597","article-title":"Agonist Activation of F-Actin-Mediated Eosinophil Shape Change and Mediator Release Is Dependent on Rac2","volume":"156","author":"Lacy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.12703\/r\/10-30","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding the Th1\/Th2 effector choice","volume":"10","author":"Butcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fac. Rev."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.05.018","article-title":"CD8+ cytotoxic T cells induce relapsing colitis in normal mice","volume":"131","author":"Nancey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.1.460","article-title":"IL-15-Dependent Activation-Induced Cell Death-Resistant Th1 Type CD8\u03b1\u03b2+NK1.1+ T Cells for the Development of Small Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"169","author":"Ohta","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv211","article-title":"Enrichment of Circulating and Mucosal Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells Is Associated with Postoperative Endoscopic Recurrence in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Boschetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Crohns. Colitis"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80110-7","article-title":"Kaufmann SHE: Autoimmune Intestinal Pathology Induced by hsp60-Specific CD8 T Cells","volume":"11","author":"Steinhoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36588","article-title":"Expansion of CD8+ T cells with regulatory function after interaction with intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"123","author":"Allez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901903","article-title":"CD8 T cells activated in distinct lymphoid organs differentially express adhesion proteins and coexpress multiple chemokine receptors","volume":"184","author":"Ferguson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.010","article-title":"The spleen in local and systemic regulation of immunity","volume":"39","author":"Bronte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556485","article-title":"Spleen size in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Does it have any clinical significance?","volume":"30","author":"Pereira","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bavaro, D.F., Ingravallo, G., Signorile, F., Fortarezza, F., Di Gennaro, F., Angarano, G., and Saracino, A. (2019). Splenic abscesses as a first manifestation of Crohn\u2019s disease: A case report. BMC Gastroenterol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1066-1"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.95","article-title":"Functions of tissue-resident eosinophils","volume":"17","author":"Weller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00459.x","article-title":"Splenic T helper cell type 1 cytokine profile and extramedullary haematopoiesis in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)","volume":"111","author":"Bregenholt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4766","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.7.4766","article-title":"Analysis of Eosinophil Turnover In Vivo Reveals Their Active Recruitment to and Prolonged Survival in the Peritoneal Cavity","volume":"179","author":"Ohnmacht","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100191","article-title":"CD34 is required for infiltration of eosinophils into the colon and pathology associated with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis","volume":"177","author":"Maltby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2016.07.010","article-title":"Eosinophilia","volume":"43","author":"Kovalszki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.36.179","article-title":"Interleukin-13 but not interleukin-4 prolongs eosinophil survival and induces eosinophil chemotaxis","volume":"36","author":"Horie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.139","article-title":"Chemokines in asthma: Cooperative interaction between chemokines and IL-13","volume":"111","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neubauer, K., Matusiewicz, M., Bednarz-Misa, I., Gorska, S., Gamian, A., and Krzystek-Korpacka, M. (2018). Diagnostic Potential of Systemic Eosinophil-Associated Cytokines and Growth Factors in IBD. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7265812"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2005.05.002","article-title":"Interleukin-13 is the key effector Th2 cytokine in ulcerative colitis that affects epithelial tight junctions, apoptosis, and cell restitution","volume":"129","author":"Heller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.10.4.861","article-title":"Specific Activation of Leukocyte \u03b22 Integrins Lymphocyte Function\u2013associated Antigen-1 and Mac-1 by Chemokines Mediated by Distinct Pathways via the \u03b1 Subunit Cytoplasmic Domains","volume":"10","author":"Weber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/rr40","article-title":"Th2 cytokines and asthma. Interleukin-4: Its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists","volume":"2","author":"Steinke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxm049","article-title":"Selective suppression of Th2-mediated airway eosinophil infiltration by low-molecular weight CCR3 antagonists","volume":"19","author":"Mori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010659803912","article-title":"IL-5 and TNF-alpha participate in recruitment of eosinophils to intestinal mucosa in ulcerative colitis","volume":"46","author":"Lampinen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00371-X","article-title":"Functional expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 in T lymphocytes co-localizing with eosinophils","volume":"7","author":"Gerber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.07.008","article-title":"Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Activated Eosinophils Promote Interleukin-23 Driven Chronic Colitis","volume":"43","author":"Griseri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5848","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i41.5848","article-title":"Changes of the cytokine profile in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"18","author":"Tulassay","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp102","article-title":"IL-5- and eosinophil-mediated inflammation: From discovery to therapy","volume":"21","author":"Kouro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.87.463","article-title":"Interleukin-5 and IL-5 receptor in health and diseases","volume":"87","author":"Takatsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i3.309","article-title":"Key role of mast cells and their major secretory products in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199905)29:05<1496::AID-IMMU1496>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Human intestinal mast cells produce IL-5 in vitro upon IgE receptor cross-linking and in vivo in the course of intestinal inflammatory disease","volume":"29","author":"Lorentz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geremia, A., and Arancibia-C\u00e1rcamo, C.V. (2017). Innate Lymphoid Cells in Intestinal Inflammation. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01296"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01847","article-title":"Biological Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Partly Restores Intestinal Innate Lymphoid Cell Subtype Equilibrium","volume":"11","author":"Creyns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050548","article-title":"Identification of eosinophil lineage-committed progenitors in the murine bone marrow","volume":"201","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, L.-x., Hua, W., Jin, Y., Tian, B.-p., Qiu, Z.-w., Zhang, C., Che, L.-q., Zhou, H.-b., Wu, Y.-f., and Huang, H.-q. (2016). Eosinophil differentiation in the bone marrow is promoted by protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Cell Death Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.74"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600611","article-title":"IL-33 Precedes IL-5 in Regulating Eosinophil Commitment and Is Required for Eosinophil Homeostasis","volume":"197","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01747.x","article-title":"Treatment with anti-CC chemokine receptor 3 monoclonal antibody or dexamethasone inhibits the migration and differentiation of bone marrow CD34+ progenitor cells in an allergic mouse model","volume":"63","author":"Ben","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.537","article-title":"The CCR3 Receptor Is Involved in Eosinophil Differentiation and Is Up-Regulated by Th2 Cytokines in CD34+ Progenitor Cells","volume":"170","author":"Lamkhioued","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salter, B.M., Ju, X., and Sehmi, R. (2021). Eosinophil Lineage-Committed Progenitors as a Therapeutic Target for Asthma. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020412"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.6MA1117-451R","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of eosinophil subsets in interleukin-5 transgenic mice","volume":"104","author":"Fairfax","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12244","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of an oral CCR3 antagonist in patients with asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Neighbour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2015.1119352","article-title":"CSL311, a novel, potent, therapeutic monoclonal antibody for the treatment of diseases mediated by the common \u03b2 chain of the IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-5 receptors","volume":"8","author":"Panousis","year":"2016","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"ref_132","unstructured":"Nurgali, K., and Edmunds, L. (2014). Methods and Compositions for the Treatment and\/or Prevention of Bowel Disorders. (WO\/2014\/075124)."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.08.038","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of Streptococcus thermophilus on U937 monocyte cell cultures","volume":"49","author":"Dargahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155416656842","article-title":"Effects of oxaliplatin treatment on the enteric glial cells and neurons in the mouse ileum","volume":"64","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/14\/7780\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:50:36Z","timestamp":1760140236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/14\/7780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23147780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23147780","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]}}}