{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:31:48Z","timestamp":1790839908493,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, and Forestry (IPET)","award":["No. 321055-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 321055-5"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","award":["No. 321055-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 321055-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colletotrichum species are important fungal pathogens causing anthracnose of tropical and subtropical fruit and vegetable crops. Dual culture assay indicated that Bacillus velezensis CE 100 was a strong antagonist against C. acutatum, C. coccodes, C. dematium, and C. gloeosporioides. The volatile organic compounds produced by B. velezensis CE 100 affected mycelial growth of Colletotrichum species tested in our study and caused twisted hyphal structures of all these fungal species. Chloroform crude compounds of B. velezensis CE 100 inhibited four Colletotrichum species in a concentration-dependent manner and induced severe damage in hyphal morphology of these fungal pathogens, including swelling, bulging, and multiple branching. Moreover, the active cyclic dipeptide, cyclo-(D-phenylalanyl-D-prolyl), was isolated from chloroform crude extract and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effect of cyclo-(D-phenylalanyl-D-prolyl) on conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The conidial germination rate was completely inhibited by a concentration of 3 mg\/mL of cyclo-(D-phenylalanyl-D-prolyl). Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the exposure to cyclic dipeptide resulted in seriously deformed hyphae and conidia with shriveled surfaces in dipeptide-treated C. gloeosporioides. Therefore, active dipeptide-producing B. velezensis CE 100 is a promising biocontrol agent for Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"7786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antifungal Potential of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 for the Control of Different Colletotrichum Species through Isolation of Active Dipeptide, Cyclo-(D-phenylalanyl-D-prolyl)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6117-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo Hyun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Su","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Yong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaw Ei Htwe","family":"Maung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-19-2378-FE","article-title":"Managing Colletotrichum on fruit crops: A \u201ccomplex\u201d challenge","volume":"104","author":"Dowling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1094\/PD-89-0784","article-title":"Lifestyles of Colletotrichum acutatum","volume":"89","author":"Peres","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riolo, M., Aloi, F., Pane, A., Cara, M., and Cacciola, S.O. 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