{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T07:16:57Z","timestamp":1786951017116,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","award":["AT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AT2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of the purinergic signal has been extensively investigated in many tissues and related organs, including the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and immune systems. Less attention has been paid to the influence of purines in the oral cavity, which is the first part of the digestive apparatus and also acts as the body\u2019s first antimicrobial barrier. In this review, evidence is provided of the presence and possible physiological role of the purinergic system in the different structures forming the oral cavity including teeth, tongue, hard palate, and soft palate with their annexes such as taste buds, salivary glands, and nervous fibers innervating the oral structures. We also report findings on the involvement of the purinergic signal in pathological conditions affecting the oral apparatus such as Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome or following irradiation for the treatment of head and neck cancer, and the use of experimental drugs interfering with the purine system to improve bone healing after damage. Further investigations are required to translate the results obtained so far into the clinical setting in order to pave the way for a wider application of purine-based treatments in oral diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"7790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Purinergic Signaling in Oral Tissues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mariachiara","family":"Zuccarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0797-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Ronci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Caciagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0523-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanni","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1412-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Stem TeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Di Iorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/171737a0","article-title":"A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid","volume":"171","author":"Watson","year":"1953","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.11.028","article-title":"Friedrich Miescher and the discovery of DNA","volume":"278","author":"Dahm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00553-z","article-title":"From purines to purinergic signalling: Molecular functions and human diseases","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(76)90133-8","article-title":"Purinergic receptors","volume":"62","author":"Burnstock","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30651-9_1","article-title":"Introduction to Purinergic Signalling in the Brain","volume":"1202","author":"Burnstock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2020.1743673","article-title":"Approaches for designing and discovering purinergic drugs for gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"15","author":"Ben","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.10.010","article-title":"Adenosine and inflammation: It\u2019s time to (re)solve the problem","volume":"43","author":"Antonioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718429","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.718429","article-title":"Purinergic Signaling in Liver Pathophysiology","volume":"12","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114393","article-title":"Purinergic signaling in diabetes and metabolism","volume":"187","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114389","article-title":"Purinergic signalling in the kidney: In physiology and disease","volume":"187","author":"Monaghan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-021-00859-7","article-title":"Adenosine and adenosine receptor-mediated action in coronary microcirculation","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114387","article-title":"Purinergic receptors in airway hydration","volume":"187","author":"Lazarowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Dotiwala, A.K., and Samra, N.S. (2022). Anatomy: Head and Neck, Tongue, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512463239","article-title":"Inflammation, Pain, and Pressure\u2014Purinergic Signaling in Oral Tissues","volume":"91","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102874","article-title":"Purinergic neurotransmission in the gustatory system","volume":"236","author":"Finger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00222","article-title":"P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Khalafalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-022-00068-1","article-title":"Structure\u2013activity features of purines and their receptors: Implications in cell physiopathology","volume":"3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000764","article-title":"Purine metabolites and complex diseases: Role of genes and nutrients","volume":"24","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-012-9304-9","article-title":"Vesicular and conductive mechanisms of nucleotide release","volume":"8","author":"Lazarowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.08.001","article-title":"Enzyme-coupled assays for simultaneous detection of nanomolar ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, inosine and pyrophosphate concentrations in extracellular fluids","volume":"1823","author":"Helenius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vultaggio-Poma, V., Sarti, A.C., and Di Virgilio, F. (2020). Extracellular ATP: A Feasible Target for Cancer Therapy. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112496"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burnstock, G., and Verkhratsky, A. (2012). Mechanisms of ATP release and inactivation. Purinergic Signaling and the Nervous System, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28863-0"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mielnicka, A., and Michaluk, P. (2021). Exocytosis in Astrocytes. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091367"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dosch, M., Gerber, J., Jebbawi, F., and Beldi, G. (2018). Mechanisms of ATP Release by Inflammatory Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041222"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-021-01663-3","article-title":"Release mechanisms of major DAMPs","volume":"26","author":"Murao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2014.11.003","article-title":"The role of purinergic receptors in stem cell differentiation","volume":"13","author":"Kaebisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5336","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00644","article-title":"Toward a Molecular Basis of Cellular Nucleoside Transport in Humans","volume":"121","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20221","article-title":"Transporters that translocate nucleosides and structural similar drugs: Structural requirements for substrate recognition","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.04.004","article-title":"Purinergic Signaling During Immune Cell Trafficking","volume":"37","author":"Ferrari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.113.008029","article-title":"Purinergic Signaling and Blood Vessels in Health and Disease","volume":"66","author":"Burnstock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.01.024","article-title":"Nucleotide- and nucleoside-converting ectoenzymes: Important modulators of purinergic signalling cascade","volume":"1783","author":"Yegutkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.071951","article-title":"Purinergic signalling: From discovery to current developments","volume":"99","author":"Burnstock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-6497-0","article-title":"Purine and pyrimidine receptors","volume":"64","author":"Burnstock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000445","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update","volume":"74","author":"Ijzerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15299","article-title":"Update of P2X receptor properties and their pharmacology: IUPHAR Review 30","volume":"178","author":"Illes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15005","article-title":"Update of P2Y receptor pharmacology: IUPHAR Review 27","volume":"177","author":"Jacobson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23969","article-title":"Purinergic signaling in peripheral nervous system glial cells","volume":"69","author":"Coover","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3109\/10409238.2014.953627","article-title":"Enzymes involved in metabolism of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides: Functional implications and measurement of activities","volume":"49","author":"Yegutkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jcs241463","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.241463","article-title":"Compartmentalization of adenosine metabolism in cancer cells and its modulation during acute hypoxia","volume":"133","author":"Losenkova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2022.119237","article-title":"Signalling by extracellular nucleotides in health and disease","volume":"1869","author":"Falzoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-005-6217-x","article-title":"Comparative hydrolysis of P2 receptor agonists by NTPDases 1, 2, 3 and 8","volume":"1","author":"Kukulski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.1097","article-title":"Ectonucleotidases: Some recent developments and a note on nomenclature","volume":"52","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26166","article-title":"Inhibition of arterial medial calcification and bone mineralization by extracellular nucleotides: The same functional effect mediated by different cellular mechanisms","volume":"233","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-005-5435-6","article-title":"Alkaline Phosphatases: Structure, substrate specificity and functional relatedness to other members of a large superfamily of enzymes","volume":"2","year":"2006","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-009-9157-z","article-title":"Prostatic acid phosphatase, a neglected ectonucleotidase","volume":"5","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1937-6448(10)79004-3","article-title":"New Insights into the Signal Transmission from Taste Cells to Gustatory Nerve Fibers","volume":"279","author":"Yoshida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118435","article-title":"ATP Signaling Is Crucial for Communication from Taste Buds to Gustatory Nerves","volume":"310","author":"Finger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.07.069","article-title":"Identification of the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) in taste cells","volume":"388","author":"Iwatsuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-017-9568-1","article-title":"Vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT): Appearance of an actress on the stage of purinergic signaling","volume":"13","author":"Moriyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20954","article-title":"Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-2 is the ecto-ATPase of type I cells in taste buds","volume":"497","author":"Bartel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14789","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309468110","article-title":"Role of the ectonucleotidase NTPDase2 in taste bud function","volume":"110","author":"Vandenbeuch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02464-4","article-title":"Taste transduction and channel synapses in taste buds","volume":"473","author":"Taruno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-013-1171-0","article-title":"Expression of adenosine A2b receptor in rat type II and III taste cells","volume":"141","author":"Nishida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13836","article-title":"Caffeine May Reduce Perceived Sweet Taste in Humans, Supporting Evidence That Adenosine Receptors Modulate Taste","volume":"82","author":"Choo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.06.022","article-title":"Theophylline increases saliva sonic hedgehog and improves taste dysfunction","volume":"82","author":"Henkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mistretta, C.M., and Kumari, A. (2019). Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061341"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, J.P., Alves, M.G., Oliveira, P.F., and Silva, B.M. (2016). Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Methylxanthines: Trying to Make Sense of All the Promises and the Drawbacks. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21080974"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janitschke, D., Lauer, A.A., Bachmann, C.M., Seyfried, M., Grimm, H.S., Hartmann, T., and Grimm, M.O.W. (2020). Unique Role of Caffeine Compared to Other Methylxanthines (Theobromine, Theophylline, Pentoxifylline, Propentofylline) in Regulation of AD Relevant Genes in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Wild Type Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239015"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12116","article-title":"The physiology of salivary secretion","volume":"70","author":"Proctor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211004842","article-title":"Disease-Induced Changes in Salivary Gland Function and the Composition of Saliva","volume":"100","author":"Proctor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5545330","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5545330","article-title":"Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stroke Patients: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice","volume":"2021","author":"Maciejczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1384.001","article-title":"The Use of Oral Fluid for Therapeutic Drug Management: Clinical and Forensic Toxicology","volume":"1098","author":"Langman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0844(200006)18:2<103::AID-CBF860>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Salivary biomass assessed by bioluminescence ATP assay related to (bacterial and somatic) cell counts","volume":"18","author":"Gallez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"170","article-title":"Salivary gland nucleotide receptors: Evidence for functional expression of both P2X and P2Y subtypes","volume":"36","author":"Turner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2002","article-title":"Molecular physiology of P2X receptors","volume":"82","author":"North","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(93)90355-2","article-title":"ATP4\u2212 Increases the intracellular calcium concentration in rat submandibular glands","volume":"24","author":"Dehaye","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1472","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.265.6.C1472","article-title":"Extracellular ATP prevents the release of stored Ca2+ by autonomic agonists in rat submandibular gland acini","volume":"265","author":"Hurley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199608)168:2<462::AID-JCP25>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Low affinity purinergic receptor modulates the response of rat submandibular glands to carbachol and substance P","volume":"168","author":"Amsallem","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3615","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.190017","article-title":"Effect of P2X(7) receptor knockout on exocrine secretion of pancreas, salivary glands and lacrimal glands","volume":"588","author":"Novak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4815","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M808597200","article-title":"Purinergic P2X7 Receptors Mediate ATP-Induced Saliva Secretion by the Mouse Submandibular Gland","volume":"284","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2015.09.006","article-title":"Crosstalk between purinergic receptors and canonical signaling pathways in the mouse salivary gland","volume":"58","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39485","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406201200","article-title":"cAMP Potentiates ATP-Evoked Calcium Signaling in Human Parotid Acinar Cells","volume":"279","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2005.10.004","article-title":"Differential coupling of the P2Y1 receptor to G\u03b114 and G\u03b1q\/11 proteins during the development of the rat salivary gland","volume":"51","author":"Baker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.37.37","article-title":"P2Y purinoceptors mediate ATP-induced changes in intracellular calcium and amylase release in acinar cells of mouse parotid glands","volume":"37","author":"Higashio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.48.030186.000451","article-title":"Identification of Cellular Activation Mechanisms Associated with Salivary Secretion","volume":"48","author":"Putney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702128","article-title":"Actions of adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists on CFTR antibody-inhibited \u03b2-adrenergic mucin secretion response","volume":"125","author":"Pereira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2005.01508.x","article-title":"Endogenous signalling system involved in parotid gland adenosine A(1) receptor-amylase release","volume":"186","author":"Finkelberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931682","article-title":"Characterization of a functional NTPDase in the endoplasmic reticulum of rat submandibular salivary gland","volume":"58","author":"Ostuni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-014-9437-0","article-title":"Rat submandibular glands secrete nanovesicles with NTPDase and 5\u2032-nucleotidase activities","volume":"11","author":"Egido","year":"2015","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03624-6","article-title":"Salivary extracellular vesicles can modulate purinergic signalling in oral tissues by combined ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases and ecto-5\u2032-nucleotidase activities","volume":"463","author":"Villarruel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.3A6167.2004","article-title":"Localization of Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1) and NTPDase2 in Pancreas and Salivary Gland","volume":"52","author":"Kittel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00207.2010","article-title":"Ectonucleotidases in the digestive system: Focus on NTPDase3 localization","volume":"300","author":"Lavoie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1729","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00758.2007","article-title":"Involvement of apical P2Y2 receptor-regulated CFTR activity in muscarinic stimulation of Cl\u2212 reabsorption in rat submandibular gland","volume":"294","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"113","article-title":"Changes in mRNA expression of adenosine receptors in human chronic periodontitis","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01089.x","article-title":"ATP scavenging by the intracellular pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits P2X7-mediated host-cell apoptosis","volume":"10","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2144-8_15","article-title":"Inflammasome Activation in Gingival Epithelial Cells","volume":"2459","author":"Atanasova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12049","article-title":"Gravity loading induces adenosine triphosphate release and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in human periodontal ligament cells","volume":"5","author":"Ito","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2017.12.004","article-title":"Periostin, dentin matrix protein 1 and P2rx7 ion channel in human teeth and periodontal ligament","volume":"216","author":"Muriel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.15022","article-title":"Expression of Vesicular Nucleotide Transporter in Rat Odontoblasts","volume":"49","author":"Ikeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516671308","article-title":"Extracellular ATP Induces Calcium Signaling in Odontoblasts","volume":"96","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.07.013","article-title":"Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate on Proliferation and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.125","article-title":"Adenosine receptors enhance the ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells","volume":"497","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"36","article-title":"Perspectives on Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine with a Particular Emphasis on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy","volume":"5","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMA J."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smojver, I., Katalini\u0107, I., Bjelica, R., Gabri\u0107, D., Mati\u0161i\u0107, V., Molnar, V., and Primorac, D. (2022). Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based Treatment in Dental Medicine: A Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031662"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwamoto, T., Nakamura, T., Ishikawa, M., Yoshizaki, K., Sugimoto, A., Ida-Yonemochi, H., Ohshima, H., Saito, M., Yamada, Y., and Fukumoto, S. (2017). Pannexin 3 regulates proliferation and differentiation of odontoblasts via its hemichannel activities. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177557"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748574","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.748574","article-title":"Connexin 43-Mediated Gap Junction Communication Regulates Ameloblast Differentiation via ERK1\/2 Phosphorylation","volume":"12","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, B., Xu, C., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., and Li, W. (2022). The Role of Connexin Hemichannels in Inflammatory Diseases. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020237"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2013.04.002","article-title":"Adenosine A1 receptor stimulation enhances osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells via WNT signaling","volume":"11","author":"Nargi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12155","article-title":"Growth characteristics and expression of CD73 and CD146 in cells cultured from dental pulp","volume":"7","author":"Sivasankar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2370","article-title":"Purinergic and Store-Operated Ca2+ Signaling Mechanisms in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Roles in ATP-Induced Stimulation of Cell Migration","volume":"34","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518807920","article-title":"Purinergic Signaling Modulates Survival\/Proliferation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.02.022","article-title":"Role of Piezo Channels in Ultrasound-Stimulated Dental Stem Cells","volume":"43","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3114","article-title":"Chemical activation of the Piezo1 channel drives mesenchymal stem cell migration via inducing ATP release and activation of P2 receptor purinergic signaling","volume":"38","author":"Mousawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63855-7.00013-7","article-title":"The orotrigeminal system","volume":"164","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13400","article-title":"Dental nerves: A neglected mediator of pulpitis","volume":"54","author":"Zhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C790","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00072.2012","article-title":"P2X7 receptor activation induces inflammatory responses in salivary gland epithelium","volume":"303","author":"Woods","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00055-20","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00055-20","article-title":"P2RX7 at the Host-Pathogen Interface of Infectious Diseases","volume":"85","author":"Soare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515593465","article-title":"A Dual Role for P2X7 Receptor during Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection","volume":"94","author":"Morandini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.10.008","article-title":"P2X7 receptor-mediated leukocyte recruitment and Porphyromonas gingivalis clearance requires IL-1\u03b2 production and autocrine IL-1 receptor activation","volume":"224","author":"Morandini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spari, D., and Beldi, G. (2020). Extracellular ATP as an Inter-Kingdom Signaling Molecule: Release Mechanisms by Bacteria and Its Implication on the Host. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155590"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.05.002","article-title":"Extracellular ATP is a key modulator of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis","volume":"81","author":"Binderman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"100023","article-title":"Differential involvement of the canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the immune response against infection by the periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum","volume":"2","author":"Ojcius","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(91)90079-G","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity","volume":"3","author":"Nathan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/13.12.1533","article-title":"Adenosine regulates the IL-1\u03b2-induced cellular functions of human gingival fibroblasts","volume":"13","author":"Murakami","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0137","article-title":"CD73-dependent adenosine dampens interleukin-1\u03b2-induced CXCL8 production in gingival fibroblasts: Association with heme oxygenase-1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase","volume":"91","author":"Pedram","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12045","article-title":"Danger signal adenosine via adenosine 2a receptor stimulates growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis in primary gingival epithelial cells","volume":"29","author":"Spooner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.S., and Yilmaz, \u00d6. (2018). Unfolding Role of a Danger Molecule Adenosine Signaling in Modulation of Microbial Infection and Host Cell Response. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010199"},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"303","article-title":"Adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis in rat dental tissues. A histochemical study to differentiate the enzymes involved","volume":"47","year":"1976","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.10.010","article-title":"Histamine stimulates secretion of extracellular vesicles with nucleotidase activity in rat submandibular gland","volume":"85","author":"Villarruel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.07.014","article-title":"Extracellular ATP inhibits IL-1-induced MMP-1 expression through the action of CD39\/nucleotidase triphosphate dephosphorylase-1 on human gingival fibroblasts","volume":"17","author":"Nemoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2010.01282.x","article-title":"Purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity and expression are upregulated in sites affected by periodontal disease","volume":"45","author":"Batista","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.09.026","article-title":"The transition state analog inhibitor of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) Immucillin-H arrests bone loss in rat periodontal disease models","volume":"52","author":"Deves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emir, T.L.R. (2017). TRP Channels and Pain. Neurobiology of TRP Channels, CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis. Chapter 8.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315152837"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-014-1551-x","article-title":"Odontoblasts as sensory receptors: Transient receptor potential channels, pannexin-1, and ionotropic ATP receptors mediate intercellular odontoblast-neuron signal transduction","volume":"467","author":"Shibukawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1459","article-title":"Upregulation of the Purinergic Receptor Subtype P2X3 in the Trigeminal Ganglion Is Involved in Orofacial Pain Induced by Occlusal Interference in Rats","volume":"30","author":"Qi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2015.04.008","article-title":"Expression and function of purinergic P2Y12 receptors in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons","volume":"98","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12382","article-title":"Interaction between calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive neurons and satellite cells via P2Y12 R in the trigeminal ganglion is involved in neuropathic tongue pain in rats","volume":"125","author":"Sugawara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5324-09.2010","article-title":"Ecto-5\u2032-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibits Nociception by Hydrolyzing AMP to Adenosine in Nociceptive Circuits","volume":"30","author":"Sowa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.10.031","article-title":"Adenosine receptor targets for pain","volume":"338","author":"Sawynok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, L., Trinh, T., Ren, Y., Dirksen, R.T., and Liu, X. (2016). Neuronal NTPDase3 Mediates Extracellular ATP Degradation in Trigeminal Nociceptive Pathway. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164028"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511431582","article-title":"Expression of Ecto-ATPase NTPDase2 in Human Dental Pulp","volume":"91","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517692953","article-title":"CD73 Controls Extracellular Adenosine Generation in the Trigeminal Nociceptive Nerves","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C286","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.2.C286","article-title":"Reversible regulation of P2Y(2) nucleotide receptor expression in the duct-ligated rat submandibular gland","volume":"279","author":"Ahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hung, S.-C., Choi, C.H., Said-Sadier, N., Johnson, L., Atanasova, K.R., Sellami, H., Yilmaz, \u00d6., and Ojcius, D.M. (2013). P2X4 Assembles with P2X7 and Pannexin-1 in Gingival Epithelial Cells and Modulates ATP-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Inflammasome Activation. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070210"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600214","article-title":"P2X4 Is Up-Regulated in Gingival Fibroblasts after Periodontal Surgery","volume":"86","author":"Binderman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.03.021","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes enhance periodontal ligament cell functions and promote periodontal regeneration","volume":"89","author":"Chew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S346755","article-title":"Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Embedded in Matrigel Enhance Bone Repair through the Adenosine Receptor Signaling Pathway","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00513","article-title":"Control Release of Adenosine Potentiate Osteogenic Differentiation within a Bone Integrative EGCG-g-NOCC\/Collagen Composite Scaffold toward Guided Bone Regeneration in a Critical-Sized Calvarial Defect","volume":"22","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8051","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201708051","article-title":"Salivary glands regenerate after radiation injury through SOX2-mediated secretory cell replacement","volume":"10","author":"Emmerson","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.2741\/4689","article-title":"Autoantibodies against muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome and corresponding mouse models","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino, C., Elkashty, O.A., Chivasso, C., Perret, J., Tran, S.D., and Delporte, C. (2020). Insight into Salivary Gland Aquaporins. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061547"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasmer, K.J., Gilman, K.E., Forti, K.M., Weisman, G.A., and Limesand, K.H. (2020). Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Therapeutics and Future Directions. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9124095"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16626","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.790741","article-title":"P2X7 receptor antagonism prevents IL-1\u03b2 release from salivary epithelial cells and reduces inflammation in a mouse model of autoimmune exocrinopathy","volume":"292","author":"Khalafalla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R687","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00192.2018","article-title":"P2X7 receptor deletion suppresses \u03b3-radiation-induced hyposalivation","volume":"316","author":"Gilman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2004.11.005","article-title":"P2Y2 nucleotide receptor up-regulation in submandibular gland cells from the NOD.B10 mouse model of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Schrader","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2021.105067","article-title":"P2Y2 receptor antagonism resolves sialadenitis and improves salivary flow in a Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome mouse model","volume":"124","author":"Jasmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12823","article-title":"P2Y2 R deletion ameliorates sialadenitis in IL-14\u03b1-transgenic mice","volume":"24","author":"Woods","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12682","article-title":"Association of P2RX7 functional variants with localized aggressive periodontitis","volume":"55","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R71","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4248","article-title":"Epistasis with HLA DR3 implicates the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Lester","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12185","article-title":"Polymorphisms of genes encoding P2X7R, IL-1B, OPG and RANK in orthodontic-induced apical root resorption","volume":"20","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12564","article-title":"Genetic determinants and post orthodontic external apical root resorption in Czech children","volume":"23","author":"Linhartova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Dis."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/14\/7790\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:50:36Z","timestamp":1760140236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/14\/7790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23147790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23147790","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]}}}