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111-2634-F-182-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic surgery is a promising treatment for obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the mechanism is not completely understood. Current understanding of the underlying ameliorative mechanisms relies on alterations in parameters related to the gastrointestinal hormones, biochemistry, energy absorption, the relative composition of the gut microbiota, and sera metabolites. A total of 13 patients with obesity and T2DM undergoing metabolic surgery treatments were recruited. Systematic changes of critical parameters and the effects and markers after metabolic surgery, in a longitudinal manner (before surgery and three, twelve, and twenty-four months after surgery) were measured. The metabolomics pattern, gut microbiota composition, together with the hormonal and biochemical characterizations, were analyzed. Body weight, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose level, C-peptide, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and des-acyl ghrelin were significantly reduced two years after metabolic surgery. These were closely associated with the changes of sera metabolomics and gut microbiota. Significant negative associations were found between the Eubacterium eligens group and lacosamide glucuronide, UDP-L-arabinose, lanceotoxin A, pipercyclobutanamide B, and hordatine B. Negative associations were identified between Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 and orotidine, and glucose. A positive correlation was found between Enterococcus and glutamic acid, and vindoline. Metabolic surgery showed positive effects on the amelioration of diabetes and metabolic syndromes, which were closely associated with the change of sera metabolomics, the gut microbiota, and other disease-related parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"7797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Impact of Metabolic Surgery on Gut Microbiota and Sera Metabolomic Patterns among Patients with Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-4093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsien-Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Lung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 33044, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwan Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4129-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Fan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Chen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Chih","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361028, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.10.008","article-title":"Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: A review on current treatment approach and gene therapy as potential intervention","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. 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