{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:32:09Z","timestamp":1785879129767,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K18931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K18931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Facial nerve paralysis interferes with mimetic muscle function. To reconstruct natural facial movement, free muscle flaps are transplanted as new muscles. However, it is difficult to maintain resting tonus. A dual innervation technique in which other nerves such as the hypoglossal nerve or contralateral facial nerve are added is often applied. Using 10-week-old rats (n = 10), the masseteric and hypoglossal nerves were cut, and the distal stump of the masseteric nerve and the proximal stump of the hypoglossal nerve were then sutured (suture group). In the other group, the masseteric nerve was cut and cauterized (cut group). Immunohistochemistry and microarray were performed on the extracted masseter muscle. The immunohistochemistry results suggested that the muscles in the suture group obtained oxidative characteristics. The microarray showed the genes involved in mitochondrial function, including Perm1. In summary, our data support the validity of the dualinnervation technique for facial paralysis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T22:57:06Z","timestamp":1658098626000},"page":"7856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Muscle Fiber Composition Changes after Selective Nerve Innervation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shiho","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Hearing and Balance Disorder, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-0066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroko","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Hearing and Balance Disorder, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6073-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisashi","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba 272-8513, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisuke","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Yazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiko","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Hearing and Balance Disorder, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197602000-00001","article-title":"Free gracilis muscle transplantation, with microneurovascular anastomoses for the treatment of facial paralysis. 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