{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:32:11Z","timestamp":1794018731250,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":271,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MH CZ\u2014DRO, Institute of Endocrinology E\u00da","award":["00023761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00023761"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04stdpt78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MH CZ\u2014DRO, Institute of Endocrinology E\u00da","award":["NU21J-01-00040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU21J-01-00040"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04stdpt78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Czech Health Research Council","award":["00023761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00023761"]}]},{"name":"Czech Health Research Council","award":["NU21J-01-00040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU21J-01-00040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Progesterone is a steroid hormone traditionally linked with female fertility and pregnancy. In current reproductive medicine, progesterone and its analogues play crucial roles. While the discovery of its effects has a long history, over recent decades, various novel actions of this interesting steroid have been documented, of which its neuro- and immunoprotective activities are the most widely discussed. Discoveries of the novel biological activities of progesterone have also driven research and development in the field of progesterone analogues used in human medicine. Progestogen treatment has traditionally and predominately been used in maintaining pregnancy, the prevention of preterm labor, various gynecological pathologies, and in lowering the negative effects of menopause. However, there are also various other medical fields where progesterone and its analogues could find application in the future. The aim of this work is to show the mechanisms of action of progesterone and its metabolites, the physiological and pharmacological actions of progesterone and its synthetic analogues in human medicine, as well as the impacts of its production and use on the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T11:22:24Z","timestamp":1658316144000},"page":"7989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Progesterone: A Steroid with Wide Range of Effects in Physiology as Well as Human Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Kolatorova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0805-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Vitku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Suchopar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DrugAgency, a.s., Klokotska 833\/1a, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1705-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonin","family":"Parizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Apolinarska 18, 128 51 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1476484","article-title":"Progesterone and human cognition","volume":"21","author":"Henderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Climacteric J. 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