{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:48:48Z","timestamp":1777384128986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Junior Scientific Masterclass (JSM) of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands","award":["17\u201357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\u201357"]}]},{"name":"The Danish Research Foundation","award":["17\u201357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\u201357"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) is a relapsing-remitting inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract characterized by increased extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The introduction of the \u03b14\u03b27-integrin inhibitor vedolizumab (VEDO) has improved disease management, although there is a high rate of primary non-response in patients with CD. We studied whether ECM biomarkers of neutrophil activity and mucosal damage could predict long-term response to VEDO in patients with CD. Serum levels of human neutrophil elastase (HNE)-derived fragments of calprotectin (CPa9-HNE), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-derived fragments of type I (C1M), III (C3M), IV (C4M), and VI (C6Ma3) collagen, type III collagen formation (PRO-C3), basement membrane turnover (PRO-C4) and T-cell activity (C4G), were measured using protein fingerprint assays in patients with CD (n = 32) before VEDO therapy. Long-term response was defined as VEDO treatment of at least 12 months. CPa9-HNE was significantly increased at baseline in non-responders compared with responders (p &lt; 0.05). C1M, C3M, C4M, C6Ma3, and PRO-C4 were also significantly increased at baseline in non-responders compared with responders (all p &lt; 0.05). All biomarkers were associated with response to VEDO (all p &lt; 0.05). To conclude, baseline levels of serum biomarkers for neutrophil activity and mucosal damage are linked to the pathology of CD, and are associated with long-term use of VEDO in patients with CD. Therefore, these biomarkers warrant further validation and could aid in therapeutic decision-making concerning vedolizumab therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T22:49:02Z","timestamp":1658702942000},"page":"8137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Serological Biomarkers of Extracellular Matrix Turnover and Neutrophil Activity Are Associated with Long-Term Use of Vedolizumab in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7028-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta S.","family":"Alexdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arno R.","family":"Bourgonje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morten A.","family":"Karsdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pehrsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Loveikyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik M.","family":"van Dullemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marijn C.","family":"Visschedijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora A. M.","family":"Festen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rinse K.","family":"Weersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaas Nico","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-7462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim H.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7247238","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7247238","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"2019","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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