{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:19:24Z","timestamp":1790291964797,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":243,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["17-15-01099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-15-01099"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review, we explore systemization of knowledge about the triggering effects of non-genetic factors in pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Possible mechanisms involving environmental and individual factors in RA pathogenesis were analyzed, namely, infections, mental stress, sleep deprivation ecology, age, perinatal and gender factors, eating habits, obesity and smoking. The non-genetic factors modulate basic processes in the body with the impact of these factors being non-specific, but these common challenges may be decisive for advancement of the disease in the predisposed body at risk for RA. The provocation of this particular disease is associated with the presence of congenital loci minoris resistentia. The more frequent non-genetic factors form tangles of interdependent relationships and, thereby, several interdependent external factors hit one vulnerable basic process at once, either provoking or reinforcing each other. Understanding the specific mechanisms by which environmental and individual factors impact an individual under RA risk in the preclinical stages can contribute to early disease diagnosis and, if the factor is modifiable, might be useful for the prevention or delay of its development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T22:49:02Z","timestamp":1658702942000},"page":"8140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Interplay of Environmental, Individual and Genetic Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Provocation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Arleevskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of 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Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5098-5002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"Renaudineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, CHU Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse IIII, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5604-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Larionova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Korovina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-9341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Valeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0650-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Shuralev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5996-0271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malik","family":"Mukminov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Kravtsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, 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