{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:09:00Z","timestamp":1788286140894,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1006125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1006125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HCRI 22019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HCRI 22019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital Institute for Biomedical Science, Korea","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1006125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1006125"]}]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital Institute for Biomedical Science, Korea","award":["HCRI 22019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HCRI 22019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid hormone (TH) contributes to multiple cellular mechanisms in the liver, muscle cells, adipose tissue, and brain, etc. In particular, the liver is an important organ in TH metabolism for the conversion of thyronine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3) by the deiodinase enzyme. TH levels were significantly decreased and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly increased in patients with liver failure compared with normal subjects. Among liver failure diseases, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) deserves more attention because liver damage and neuropathologies occur simultaneously. Although there is numerous evidence of TH dysregulation in the HE model, specific mechanisms and genetic features of the thyroid glands in the HE model are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the significantly different genes in the thyroid glands of a bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model as the HE model, compared to the thyroid glands of the control mouse using RNA sequencing. We also confirmed the alteration in mRNA levels of thyroid gland function-related genes in the BDL mouse model. Furthermore, we evaluated the increased level of free T4 and TSH in the BDL mouse blood. Thus, we emphasize the potential roles of TH in liver metabolism and suggest that thyroid dysfunction-related genes in the HE model should be highlighted for finding the appropriate solution for an impaired thyroid system in HE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T04:59:16Z","timestamp":1658897956000},"page":"8244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transcriptome Profile of Thyroid Glands in Bile Duct Ligation Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Danbi","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1617-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Kook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9165-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhyun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1588","article-title":"Minireview: Defining the roles of the iodothyronine deiodinases: Current concepts and challenges","volume":"150","author":"Galton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7396-0","article-title":"Activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone by deiodinases: Local action with general consequences","volume":"65","author":"Gereben","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. 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