{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:53:58Z","timestamp":1790222038108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A complex balanced equilibrium of the bacterial ecosystems exists in the oral cavity that can be altered by tobacco smoking, psychological stressors, bad dietary habit, and chronic periodontitis. Oral dysbiosis can promote the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through the release of toxins and bacterial metabolites, stimulating local and systemic inflammation, and altering the host immune response. During the process of carcinogenesis, the composition of the bacterial community changes qualitatively and quantitatively. Bacterial profiles are characterized by targeted sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in tissue and saliva samples in patients with OSCC. Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus mitis, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Prevotella tannerae, and Prevotella intermedia are the significantly increased bacteria in salivary samples. These have a potential diagnostic application to predict oral cancer through noninvasive salivary screenings. Oral lactic acid bacteria, which are commonly used as probiotic therapy against various disorders, are valuable adjuvants to improve the response to OSCC therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T20:49:28Z","timestamp":1659041368000},"page":"8323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Microbiota and Oral Cancer as A Complex and Dynamic Microenvironment: A Narrative Review from Etiology to Prognosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3023-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Pignatelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica Maria","family":"Romei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Bondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7661-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Piattelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), 00131 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, 65013 Citt\u00e0 Sant\u2019Angelo, Italy"},{"name":"Casa di Cura Villa Serena, 65013 Citt\u00e0 Saint\u2019Angelo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4979-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Curia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00028-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00028-16","article-title":"Getting the Hologenome Concept Right: An Eco-Evolutionary Framework for Hosts and Their Microbiomes","volume":"1","author":"Theis","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sender, R., Fuchs, S., and Milo, R. 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