{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:13:13Z","timestamp":1790820793188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)","award":["HL006095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL006095"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Both monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in lipid metabolism, and diets enriched with either of these two fatty acids are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. Conventional soybean oil (CSO), a common food ingredient, predominantly contains linoleic acid (LA; C18:2), a n-6 PUFA. Recently, a modified soybean oil (MSO) enriched in oleic acid (C18:1), a n-9 MUFA, has been developed, because of its improved chemical stability to oxidation. However, the effect of the different dietary soybean oils on cardiovascular disease remains unknown. To test whether diets rich in CSO versus MSO would attenuate atherosclerosis development, LDL receptor knock-out (LDLR-KO) mice were fed a Western diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (control), or a Western diet supplemented with 5% (w\/w) LA-rich CSO or high-oleic MSO for 12 weeks. Both soybean oils contained a similar amount of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). The CSO diet decreased plasma lipid levels and the cholesterol content of VLDL and LDL by approximately 18% (p &lt; 0.05), likely from increased hepatic levels of PUFA, which favorably regulated genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. The MSO diet, but not the CSO diet, suppressed atherosclerotic plaque size compared to the Western control diet (Control Western diet: 6.5 \u00b1 0.9%; CSO diet: 6.4 \u00b1 0.7%; MSO diet: 4.0 \u00b1 0.5%) (p &lt; 0.05), independent of plasma lipid level changes. The MSO diet also decreased the ratio of n-6\/n-3 PUFA in the liver (Control Western diet: 4.5 \u00b1 0.2; CSO diet: 6.1 \u00b1 0.2; MSO diet: 2.9 \u00b1 0.2) (p &lt; 0.05), which correlated with favorable hepatic gene expression changes in lipid metabolism and markers of systemic inflammation. In conclusion, supplementation of the Western diet with MSO, but not CSO, reduced atherosclerosis development in LDLR-KO mice independent of changes in plasma lipids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T23:37:29Z","timestamp":1659310649000},"page":"8385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Differential Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Soybean Oil Enriched in Oleic Acid versus Linoleic Acid on Plasma Lipids and Atherosclerosis in LDLR-Deficient Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1885-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimball","family":"Nill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council, 1020 Innovation Lane, Mankato, MN 56001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8754-6457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Takechi-Haraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"},{"name":"Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5571-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin P.","family":"Playford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Imaging Physics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zu-Xi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Pryor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingrong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna Vamsi","family":"Rojulpote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nehal N.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Imaging Physics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan T.","family":"Remaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"III20","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131514.71167.2e","article-title":"Inflammation in atherosclerosis and implications for 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