{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:22:41Z","timestamp":1790659361125,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)","award":["EST\/2017\/2 RF\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EST\/2017\/2 RF\/12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last years, radiofrequency (RF) has demonstrated that it can reduce DNA damage induced by a subsequent treatment with chemical or physical agents in different cell types, resembling the adaptive response, a phenomenon well documented in radiobiology. Such an effect has also been reported by other authors both in vitro and in vivo, and plausible hypotheses have been formulated, spanning from the perturbation of the cell redox status, to DNA repair mechanisms, and stress response machinery, as possible cellular mechanisms activated by RF pre-exposure. These mechanisms may underpin the observed phenomenon, and require deeper investigations. The present study aimed to determine whether autophagy contributes to RF-induced adaptive response. To this purpose, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were exposed for 20 h to 1950 MHz, UMTS signal, and then treated with menadione. The results obtained indicated a reduction in menadione-induced DNA damage, assessed by applying the comet assay. Such a reduction was negated when autophagy was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and E64d. Moreover, CRISPR SH-SY5Y cell lines defective for ATG7 or ATG5 genes did not show an adaptive response. These findings suggest the involvement of autophagy in the RF-induced adaptive response in human neuroblastoma cells; although, further investigation is required to extend such observation at the molecular level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T23:37:29Z","timestamp":1659310649000},"page":"8414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Inhibition of Autophagy Negates Radiofrequency-Induced Adaptive Response in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0009-4644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sannino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9308-6928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Scarf\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lody","family":"Dufoss\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Poeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5432-6231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Prouzet-Maul\u00e9on","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateformecrisp\u2019edit\u2014TBMCore, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"INSERM, US005, F-33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UAR3427, F-33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8193-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muriel","family":"Priault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2432-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Zeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ICNIRP (2020). ICNIRP guidelines for limiting exposures to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz\u2013300 GHz). Health Phys., 118, 483\u2013524.","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001210"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2019). IEEE Std C95.1\u2122, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz. 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