{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:34:38Z","timestamp":1791588878393,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is consistent evidence that vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with liver dysfunction, disease severity, and poor prognosis in patients with liver disease. Vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The presence of genetic variants of vitamin D- and VDR-associated genes has been associated with liver disease progression. In our recent work, we summarized the progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in vitamin D\u2013VDR signaling and discussed the functional significance of VDR signaling in specific cell populations in liver disease. The current review focuses on the complex interaction between immune and liver cells in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and the development of liver injury, the interplay of vitamin D and VDR in the development and outcome of liver disease, the role of vitamin D- and VDR-associated genetic variants in modulating the occurrence and severity of liver disease, and the therapeutic value of vitamin D supplementation in various liver diseases. The association of the vitamin D\u2013VDR complex with liver dysfunction shows great potential for clinical application and supports its use as a prognostic index and diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:06:42Z","timestamp":1659319602000},"page":"8465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Vitamin D\u2013VDR Novel Anti-Inflammatory Molecules\u2014New Insights into Their Effects on Liver Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"Aggeletopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece"},{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Thomopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasia","family":"Mouzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-8209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Triantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2691","article-title":"Immune surveillance by the liver","volume":"14","author":"Jenne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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