{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:52:08Z","timestamp":1772783528159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Memories are lasting representations over time of associations between stimuli or events. In general, the relatively slow consolidation of memories requires protein synthesis with a known exception being the so-called Anesthesia Resistant Memory (ARM) in Drosophila. This protein synthesis-independent memory type survives amnestic shocks after a short, sensitive window post training, and can also emerge after repeated cycles of training in a negatively reinforced olfactory conditioning task, without rest between cycles (massed conditioning\u2014MC). We discussed operational and molecular mechanisms that mediate ARM and differentiate it from protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory (LTM) in Drosophila. Based on the notion that ARM is unlikely to specifically characterize Drosophila, we examined protein synthesis and MC-elicited memories in other species and based on intraspecies shared molecular components and proposed potential relationships of ARM with established memory types in Drosophila and vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:06:42Z","timestamp":1659319602000},"page":"8527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anesthesia Resistant Memories in Drosophila, a Working Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4904-5624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bourouliti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center \u201cAlexander Fleming\u201d, 16674 Vari, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5113-6192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthimios M. C.","family":"Skoulakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center \u201cAlexander Fleming\u201d, 16674 Vari, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/01677063.2020.1715971","article-title":"Cellular and circuit mechanisms of olfactory associative learning in Drosophila","volume":"34","author":"Boto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurogenet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.12.002","article-title":"Do the right thing: Neural network mechanisms of memory formation, expression and update in Drosophila","volume":"49","author":"Cognigni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. 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