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Zinc finger homeodomain (ZF-HD) transcription factors (TFs) constitute a relatively small gene family that has been studied in several model plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana L. and Oryza sativa L. The ZF-HD family members play important roles in plant growth and development, but their contribution to the regulation of plant architecture remains largely unknown due to their functional redundancy. To understand the gene regulatory network controlled by ZF-HD TFs, we analyzed multiple loss-of-function mutants of ZF-HD TFs in Arabidopsis that exhibited morphological abnormalities in branching and flowering architecture. We found that ZF-HD TFs, especially HB34, negatively regulate the expression of miR157 and positively regulate SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING\u2013LIKE 10 (SPL10), a target of miR157. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analysis revealed that miR157D and SPL10 are direct targets of HB34, creating a feed-forward loop that constitutes a robust miRNA regulatory module. Network motif analysis contains overrepresented coherent type IV feedforward motifs in the amiR zf-HD and hbq mutant background. This finding indicates that miRNA-mediated ZF-HD feedforward modules modify branching and inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis. Taken together, these findings reveal a guiding role of ZF-HD TFs in the regulatory network module and demonstrate its role in plant architecture in Arabidopsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T21:52:48Z","timestamp":1659649968000},"page":"8665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Role of a ZF-HD Transcription Factor in miR157-Mediated Feed-Forward Regulatory Module That Determines Plant Architecture in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Koung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 37, Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan-si 54004, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of California\u2013San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8125-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doreen","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA"},{"name":"USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010841","article-title":"Control of Outgrowth and Dormancy in Axillary Buds","volume":"127","author":"Mori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144122","article-title":"Shoot Branching","volume":"56","author":"McSteen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9572","article-title":"Initiation of Axillary and Floral Meristems in Arabidopsis","volume":"218","author":"Long","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. 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