{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:58:55Z","timestamp":1784912335022,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bulgarian National Science Fund","award":["K\u03a0-06-H21\/4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K\u03a0-06-H21\/4"]}]},{"name":"Bulgarian National Science Fund","award":["BG05M2OP001-1.002-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG05M2OP001-1.002-0010"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["K\u03a0-06-H21\/4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K\u03a0-06-H21\/4"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["BG05M2OP001-1.002-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG05M2OP001-1.002-0010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is a relatively common pathology of which almost 50% of cases remain idiopathic. In the search for novel biomarkers, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is intensively used to characterize the thermodynamic behavior of blood plasma\/serum proteome in health and disease. Herein, for the first time, we investigate the DSC denaturation profiles of blood plasma derived from patients suffering EPL compared to healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women. Data analysis reveals that 58% of the EPL thermograms differ significantly from those of healthy pregnant women. Thermal stabilization of a fraction of albumin-assigned transition with concomitant suppression of the major and enhancement of the globulin-assigned transition are characteristic features of EPL calorimetric profiles that could be used as a new indicator of a risk pregnancy. The presented results suggest an altered composition or intermolecular interactions of the plasma proteome of women with EPL. In addition, the alterations of the EPL thermograms correlate with the increased blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and a higher prevalence of the polymorphism in the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene, suggesting an expression of an overall enhanced immune response. The concomitant changes in plasma thermograms confirm the potential of the DSC approach for distinguishing changes in the pathological state of the blood plasma proteome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T22:51:46Z","timestamp":1659912706000},"page":"8764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Altered Thermal Behavior of Blood Plasma Proteome Related to Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Pregnancy Loss"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1349-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Komsa-Penkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medical University\u2014Pleven, Sv. Kliment Ohridski Str. 1, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avgustina","family":"Danailova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, \u201cAcad. G. Bontchev\u201d Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sashka","family":"Krumova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, \u201cAcad. G. Bontchev\u201d Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galya","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medical University\u2014Pleven, Sv. Kliment Ohridski Str. 1, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Giosheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, \u201cAcad. G. Bontchev\u201d Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u201cMaichin Dom\u201d, Medical University Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Gartcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Specialized Hospital for Active Treating of Haematological Diseases, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Iliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, \u201cAcad. G. Bontchev\u201d Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Gartchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u201cMaichin Dom\u201d, Medical University Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kameliya","family":"Kercheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u201cMaichin Dom\u201d, Medical University Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Savov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u201cMaichin Dom\u201d, Medical University Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetla","family":"Todinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, \u201cAcad. G. Bontchev\u201d Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S100817","article-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss: Current perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Hachem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-1069-1","article-title":"Chromosomal abnormalities in products of conception of first-trimester miscarriages detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis: A review of 1000 cases","volume":"35","author":"Pylyp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Assist. 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