{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:34:19Z","timestamp":1762608859896,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan","award":["08102003","15K19425","21K16344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08102003","15K19425","21K16344"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Japan Science and Technology Agency","award":["08102003","15K19425","21K16344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08102003","15K19425","21K16344"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of oxygen desaturation and reoxygenation (intermittent hypoxia, IH), and it is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and insulin resistance\/type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms linking IH stress and CVD remain elusive. We exposed rat H9c2 and mouse P19.CL6 cardiomyocytes to experimental IH or normoxia for 24 h to analyze the mRNA expression of the components of Cd38-cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) signaling. We found that the mRNA levels of cluster of differentiation 38 (Cd38), type 2 ryanodine receptor (Ryr2), and FK506-binding protein 12.6 (Fkbp12.6) in H9c2 and P19.CL6 cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased by IH, whereas the promoter activities of these genes were not decreased. By contrast, the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (Pten) was upregulated in IH-treated cells. The small interfering RNA for Pten (siPten) and a non-specific control RNA were introduced into the H9c2 cells. The IH-induced downregulation of Cd38, Ryr2, and Fkbp12.6 was abolished by the introduction of the siPten, but not by the control RNA. These results indicate that IH stress upregulated the Pten in cardiomyocytes, resulting in the decreased mRNA levels of Cd38, Ryr2, and Fkbp12.6, leading to the inhibition of cardiomyocyte functions in SAS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T22:51:46Z","timestamp":1659912706000},"page":"8782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Downregulation of the Cd38-Cyclic ADP-Ribose Signaling in Cardiomyocytes by Intermittent Hypoxia via Pten Upregulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4066-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin","family":"Takasawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9417-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiyo","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumiyo","family":"Sakuramoto-Tsuchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asako","family":"Itaya-Hironaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keito","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryogo","family":"Shobatake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyo","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2008","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sleep apnea","volume":"90","author":"Dempsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. 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