{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:18:02Z","timestamp":1769213882328,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Pecs, Hungary","award":["\u00c1OK-KK Kollabor\u00e1ci\u00f3s Alap (\u00c1OK-TANDEM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00c1OK-KK Kollabor\u00e1ci\u00f3s Alap (\u00c1OK-TANDEM)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prognosis for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is heavily influenced by the development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), but the adequate and effective therapy of DCI to this day has not been resolved. Multiplex serum biomarker studies may help to understand the pathophysiological processes underlying DCI. Samples were collected from patients with aSAH at two time points: (1) 24 h (Day 1) and (2) 5\u20137 days after ictus. Serum concentrations of eotaxin, FGF-2, FLT-3L, CX3CL1, Il-1b, IL-4, IP-10, MCP3, and MIP-1b were determined using a customized MILLIPLEX Human Cytokine\/Chemokine\/Growth Factor Panel A multiplex assay. The functional outcome was defined by the modified Rankin scale (favorable: 0\u20132, unfavorable: 3\u20136) measured on the 30th day after aSAH. One-hundred and twelve patients with aSAH were included in this study. The median level of CX3CL1 and MCP-3 measured on Days 5\u20137 were significantly higher in patients with DCI compared with those without DCI (CX3CL1: with DCI: 110.5 pg\/mL, IQR: 82\u2013201 vs. without DCI: 82.6, 58\u2013119, p = 0.036; and MCP-3: with DCI: 22 pg\/mL (0\u201332) vs. without DCI: 0 (0\u201311), p &lt; 0.001). IP-10, MCP-3, and MIP-1b also showed significant associations with the functional outcome after aSAH. MCP-3 and CX3CL1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of DCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T22:51:46Z","timestamp":1659912706000},"page":"8789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Biomarker Associations in Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dora","family":"Spantler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tihamer","family":"Molnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timea","family":"Berki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andras","family":"Buki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, 702 81 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Schwarcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4982-2481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Csecsei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.117655","article-title":"Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: A systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends","volume":"78","author":"Linn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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