{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:29:06Z","timestamp":1793089746469,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Bialystok","award":["SUB\/1\/DN\/22\/007\/1118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB\/1\/DN\/22\/007\/1118"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer is a non-homogenous malignancy. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common subtype, and its drug resistance mechanisms remain unclear. Despite the advantages of modern pharmacotherapy, high-grade ovarian cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and research into targeted therapies is in progress. The aim of the study was to assess the dominant energy substrate transport mechanism in ovarian cancer cells and to verify whether genomic aberrations could predict clinical outcomes using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Total RNA was extracted from HGSC frozen tissues, and the expression of selected genes was compared to respective controls. GLUT1, FABPpm, MCT4 and SNAT1 genes were significantly overexpressed in carcinomas compared with controls, while expression of CD36\/SR-B2, FATP1, FABP4, GLUT4, ASCT2 and LPL was decreased. No differences were found in FATP4, LAT1, MCT1 and FASN. The transcript content of mitochondrial genes such as PGC-1\u03b1, TFAM and COX4\/1 was similar between groups, while the \u03b2-HAD level declined in ovarian cancer. Additionally, the MCT4 level was reduced and PGC-1\u03b1 was elevated in cancer tissue from patients with \u2018small\u2019 primary tumor and omental invasion accompanied by ascites as compared to patients that exhibited greater tendencies to metastasize to lymph nodes with clear omentum. Based on TCGA, higher FABP4 and LPL and lower TFAM expression indicated poorer overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. In conclusion, the presented data show that there is no exclusive energy substrate in HGSC. However, this study indicates the advantage of glucose and lactate transport over fatty acids, thereby suggesting potential therapeutic intervention targets to impede ovarian cancer growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23168968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"8968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Energy Substrate Transporters in High-Grade Ovarian Cancer: Gene Expression and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3721-2053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Baczewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Supruniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1802-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia","family":"Bojczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Guzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, City Hospital, Rycerska 4 Street, 35-241 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Milewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobank, Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kono\u0144czuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17 Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6336-0658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Dobroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7407-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Chabowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Chan, W.C., Ngai, C.H., Lok, V., Zhang, L., Lucero-Prisno, D.E., Xu, W., Zheng, Z.J., Elcarte, E., and Withers, M. (2022). Worldwide Burden, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Ovarian Cancer: A Global Study. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092230"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21559","article-title":"Epithelial ovarian cancer: Evolution of management in the era of precision medicine","volume":"69","author":"Lheureux","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16061","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.61","article-title":"Ovarian cancer","volume":"2","author":"Matulonis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181cf3d79","article-title":"The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer: A proposed unifying theory","volume":"34","author":"Kurman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772349","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.772349","article-title":"Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2018.07.007","article-title":"Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer","volume":"32","author":"Freimund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3109\/07357907.2013.849722","article-title":"Overexpression of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) predicts poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"31","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Investig."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2981","article-title":"Regulation of cancer cell metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Cairns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-77736-8_1","article-title":"Glucose Metabolism in Cancer","volume":"1063","author":"Bose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, H., and Lee, S. (2022). Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042170"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2020.101055","article-title":"Lipids in the tumor microenvironment: From cancer progression to treatment","volume":"80","author":"Corn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.021","article-title":"Fatty acid synthase\u2014Modern tumor cell biology insights into a classical oncology target","volume":"177","author":"Buckley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.358","article-title":"Q\u2019s next: The diverse functions of glutamine in metabolism, cell biology and cancer","volume":"29","author":"Deberardinis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Supruniuk, E., \u017bebrowska, E., and Chabowski, A. (2021). Branched chain amino acids\u2014Friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity?. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1\u201339.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1977910"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/msb.20134892","article-title":"Metabolic shifts toward glutamine regulate tumor growth, invasion and bioenergetics in ovarian cancer","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-020-00224-z","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics revealed energy metabolism pathway alterations in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma and their regulation by the antiparasite drug ivermectin: Data interpretation in the context of 3P medicine","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10166","article-title":"Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma","volume":"474","author":"Bell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2020-0377","article-title":"The role of visfatin and resistin in an in vitro model of obesityinduced invasive liver cancer","volume":"99","author":"Miethe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.12.011","article-title":"Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2: A Critical Linkage in Obesity-Induced Tumorigenesis in Myeloma","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17173","article-title":"High-fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors","volume":"531","author":"Beyaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.94","article-title":"Obesity and cancer\u2014Mechanisms underlying tumour progression and recurrence","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42542-9_9","article-title":"Obesity and ovarian cancer","volume":"Volume 208","author":"Tworoger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Recent Results in Cancer Research"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1107","article-title":"The association between overweight, obesity and ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/2053369117709225","article-title":"Obesity and ovarian cancer risk: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Foong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Post Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-1999","article-title":"Adipocyte-induced FABP4 expression in ovarian cancer cells promotes metastasis and mediates carboplatin resistance","volume":"80","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1159\/000079489","article-title":"GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression in ovarian borderline tumors and cancer","volume":"66","author":"Rudlowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26023","article-title":"GLUT 1 receptor expression and circulating levels of fasting glucose in high grade serous ovarian cancer","volume":"233","author":"Pizzuti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2000.5910","article-title":"Expression of GLUT-1 glucose transporter in borderline and malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary","volume":"79","author":"Cantuaria","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278810","article-title":"Revisiting the Warburg effect: Historical dogma versus current understanding","volume":"599","author":"Vaupel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154237","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis: Meeting the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation","volume":"27","author":"Lunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.10.007","article-title":"Facilitative glucose transporters: Implications for cancer detection, prognosis and treatment","volume":"65","author":"Barron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10280","article-title":"Immunohistochemical staining of GLUT1 in benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian epithelia","volume":"94","author":"Kalir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29083","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.49.29083","article-title":"Hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibitors regulate expression of glucose transporter-1 via distinct cis-acting sequences","volume":"270","author":"Ebert","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.56.1.175","article-title":"Intracellular organization of insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation","volume":"56","author":"Watson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Wang, W., Idowu, M.O., Oh, U., Wang, X.Y., Temkin, S.M., and Fang, X. (2019). Ovarian cancer relies on glucose transporter 1 to fuel glycolysis and growth: Anti-tumor activity of BAY-876. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010033"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.09.013","article-title":"Ciglitazone Enhances Ovarian Cancer Cell Death via Inhibition of Glucose Transporter-1","volume":"743","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xintaropoulou, C., Ward, C., Wise, A., Queckborner, S., Turnbull, A., Michie, C.O., Williams, A.R.W., Rye, T., Gourley, C., and Langdon, S.P. (2018). Expression of Glycolytic Enzymes in Ovarian Cancers and Evaluation of the Glycolytic Pathway as a Strategy for Ovarian Cancer Treatment. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4521-4"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-019-00455-x","article-title":"Apatinib Inhibits Glycolysis by Suppressing the VEGFR2\/AKT1\/SOX5\/GLUT4 Signaling Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4278","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.912272","article-title":"Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 (MCT4) Overexpression Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis of Osteosarcoma","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6655529","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6655529","article-title":"MCT4 Promotes Tumor Malignancy in F98 Glioma Cells","volume":"2021","author":"Reuss","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704857","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.704857","article-title":"Integrative Analysis Identified MCT4 as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Bladder Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20135","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.009093","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is a high affinity transporter capable of exporting lactate in high-lactate microenvironments","volume":"294","author":"Sandoval","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"119","article-title":"Reexamining cancer metabolism: Lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg Effect","volume":"38","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9030","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511397200","article-title":"The plasma membrane lactate transporter MCT4, but not MCT1, is up-regulated by hypoxia through a HIF-1\u03b1-dependent mechanism","volume":"281","author":"Ullah","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2009.10.009","article-title":"HIF-1: Upstream and downstream of cancer metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Semenza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242437","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/242437","article-title":"Prognostic Indications of Elevated MCT4 and CD147 across Cancer Types: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"2015","author":"Bovenzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10131","article-title":"Overexpression of CD147 in ovarian cancer is initiated by the hypoxic microenvironment","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-010-9345-9","article-title":"Co-expression of CD147\/EMMPRIN with monocarboxylate transporters and multiple drug resistance proteins is associated with epithelial ovarian cancer progression","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01277","article-title":"In situ Metabolic Profiling of Ovarian Cancer Tumor Xenografts: A Digital Pathology Approach","volume":"10","author":"Piga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.11.15659","article-title":"Evidence for a stromal-epithelial \u201clactate shuttle\u201d in human tumors: MCT4 is a marker of oxidative stress in cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2013.16.2.146","article-title":"The expression of Glut-1, CAIX, and MCT4 in Mucinous carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-012-1344-6","article-title":"Expression and role of GLUT-1, MCT-1, and MCT-4 in malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"462","author":"Mogi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1478","article-title":"Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis?","volume":"4","author":"Gatenby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.043","article-title":"Dual Inhibition of the Lactate Transporters MCT1 and MCT4 Is Synthetic Lethal with Metformin due to NAD+ Depletion in Cancer Cells","volume":"25","author":"Benjamin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.03.005","article-title":"Metabolic phenotype of bladder cancer","volume":"45","author":"Massari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, G., Cardenas, H., and Matei, D. (2019). Ovarian cancer\u2014why lipids matter. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121870"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.03.004","article-title":"FABP4: A New Player in Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer","volume":"26","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01582-4","article-title":"FABP4 promotes invasion and metastasis of colon cancer by regulating fatty acid transport","volume":"20","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02273-4","article-title":"FABP4 is an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04987-y","article-title":"FABP4 as a key determinant of metastatic potential of ovarian cancer","volume":"9","author":"Gharpure","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2492","article-title":"Adipocytes promote ovarian cancer metastasis and provide energy for rapid tumor growth","volume":"17","author":"Nieman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4893","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.36037","article-title":"CD36 tango in cancer: Signaling pathways and functions","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20791","article-title":"Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36","volume":"541","author":"Pascual","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-017-0093-z","article-title":"Adipocyte-induced CD36 expression drives ovarian cancer progression and metastasis","volume":"37","author":"Ladanyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, F., Almeida, C., Teixeira, A.L., Morais, M., and Medeiros, R. (2021). Lat1 and asct2 related micrornas as potential new therapeutic agents against colorectal cancer progression. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9020195"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.05.021","article-title":"Impact of system L amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) on proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells: A possible target for combination therapy with anti-proliferative aminopeptidase inhibitors","volume":"80","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02520-0","article-title":"Significant relationship between the LAT1 expression pattern and chemoresistance in ovarian clear cell carcinoma","volume":"474","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"1161","article-title":"Prognostic significance of l-type amino acid transporter 1 (Lat1) expression in patients with ovarian tumors","volume":"7","author":"Kaira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000123","article-title":"L-type amino acid transporter 1 expression increases in well-differentiated but decreases in poorly differentiated endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma and shows an inverse correlation with p53 expression","volume":"24","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2017.178","article-title":"Targeting glutamine metabolism for cancer treatment","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"3725","article-title":"Clinical associations between ASCT2 and p-mTOR in the pathogenesis and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78930","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20693","article-title":"Increased SNAT1 is a marker of human osteosarcoma and potential therapeutic target","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13194","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.700534","article-title":"Deletion of amino acid transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) Reveals an essential role for transporters SNAT1 (SLC38A1) and SNAT2 (SLC38A2) to sustain glutaminolysis in cancer cells","volume":"291","author":"Rahimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K., Cao, F., Fang, W., Hu, Y., Chen, Y., Ding, H., and Yu, G. (2013). Activation of SNAT1\/SLC38A1 in human breast cancer: Correlation with p-Akt overexpression. BMC Cancer, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-343"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme-Sch\u00e4fer, I., L\u00f6rentz, S., and Bosserhoff, A.K. (2022). Role of Amino Acid Transporter SNAT1\/SLC38A1 in Human Melanoma. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092151"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-019-0224-9","article-title":"Effects of glutamine deprivation on oxidative stress and cell survival in breast cell lines","volume":"52","author":"Gwangwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Signorile, A., De Rasmo, D., Cormio, A., Musicco, C., Rossi, R., Fortarezza, F., Palese, L.L., Loizzi, V., Resta, L., and Scillitani, G. (2019). Human ovarian cancer tissue exhibits increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and cristae remodeling. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11091350"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Kang, J., Fu, J., Luo, H., Liu, Y., Li, Y., and Sun, L. (2021). Pgc1\u03b1 promotes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by regulating the hsp70\/hk2\/vdac1 signaling pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052537"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60299","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19140","article-title":"PGC1\u03b1 induced by reactive oxygen species contributes to chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabrielson, M., Bj\u00f6rklund, M.Y., Carlson, J., and Shoshan, M. (2014). Expression of mitochondrial regulators PGC1a and TFAM as putative markers of subtype and chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107109"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2007.11","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1 induces apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells through a PPAR\u03b3-dependent pathway","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2081-4","article-title":"Direct impact of cisplatin on mitochondria induces ROS production that dictates cell fate of ovarian cancer cells","volume":"10","author":"Kleih","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT\u2013PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W98","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx247","article-title":"GEPIA: A web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27633","DOI":"10.2196\/27633","article-title":"Web-based survival analysis tool tailored for medical research (KMplot): Development and implementation","volume":"23","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(03)00106-3","article-title":"Cellular pH regulators: Potentially promising molecular targets for cancer chemotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Izumi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/16\/8968\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:07:18Z","timestamp":1760141238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/16\/8968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23168968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23168968","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]}}}