{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T05:22:35Z","timestamp":1762060955383,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre of Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/19\/BNZ7\/00410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/19\/BNZ7\/00410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The preclinical research conducted so far suggest that depression development may be influenced by the inflammatory pathways both at the periphery and within the central nervous system. Furthermore, inflammation is considered to be strongly connected with antidepressant treatment resistance. Thus, this study explores whether the chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure and agomelatine treatment induce changes in TGFA, TGFB, IRF1, PTGS2 and IKBKB expression and methylation status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in the brain structures of rats. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to the CMS and further divided into matched subgroups to receive vehicle or agomelatine. TaqMan gene expression assay and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) were used to evaluate the expression of the genes and the methylation status of their promoters, respectively. Our findings confirm that both CMS and antidepressant agomelatine treatment influenced the expression level and methylation status of the promoter region of investigated genes in PBMCs and the brain. What is more, the present study showed that response to either stress stimuli or agomelatine differed between brain structures. Concluding, our results indicate that TGFA, TGFB, PTGS2, IRF1 and IKBKB could be associated with depression and its treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23168983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"8983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Agomelatine Changed the Expression and Methylation Status of Inflammatory Genes in Blood and Brain Structures of Male Wistar Rats after Chronic Mild Stress Procedure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bialek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5146-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Czarny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0590-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Wigner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Synowiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8607-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukasz","family":"Kolodziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Bijak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6052-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Szemraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1282-3939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8385-7744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Sliwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61415-9","article-title":"Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: Results from the World Health Surveys","volume":"370","author":"Moussavi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2020, November 12). 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