{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:12:01Z","timestamp":1790053921981,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D is a crucial nutrient with many pleiotropic effects on health and various chronic diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed report on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic liver disease, addressing the different liver etiologies and the condition of advanced chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) with related complications. To date, patients with liver disease, regardless of underlying etiology, have been shown to have reduced levels of vitamin D. There is also evidence of the predictive role of vitamin D values in complications and progression of advanced disease. However, specific indications of vitamin D supplementation are not conclusive concerning what is already recommended in the general population. Future studies should make an effort to unify and validate the role of vitamin D supplementation in chronic liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T01:47:21Z","timestamp":1660528041000},"page":"9016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1142-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Ravaioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pivetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenza","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christou","family":"Chrysanthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Frassanito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Pambianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Sicuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Gualandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Guasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Pecchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Colecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"V28","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.07s211","article-title":"Vitamin D and Skin Physiology: A D-Lightful Story","volume":"22","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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