{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T05:04:04Z","timestamp":1781327044011,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS; also designated as acne inversa) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by painful skin lesions that occur in the axillary, inguinal, gluteal and perianal areas of the body. These lesions contain recurring deep-seated, inflamed nodules and pus-discharging abscesses and fistulas. Affecting about 1% of the population, this common disease has gained appropriate clinical attention in the last years. Associated with numerous comorbidities including metabolic syndrome, HS is considered a systemic disease that severely impairs the quality of life and shortens life expectancy. Therapeutic options for HS are limited, comprising long-term antibiotic treatment, the surgical removal of affected skin areas, and neutralization of TNF-\u03b1, the only approved systemic treatment. Novel treatment options are needed to close the therapeutic gap. HS pathogenesis is increasingly better understood. In fact, neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) seem to be decisive for the development of the purulent destructive skin inflammation in HS. Recent findings suggest a key role of the immune mediators IL-1\u03b2, IL-17A and G-CSF in the migration into and activation of neutrophils in the skin. Although phytomedical drugs display potent immunoregulatory properties and have been suggested as complementary therapy in several chronic disorders, their application in HS has not been considered so far. In this review, we describe the IL-1\/IL-17\/G-CSF axis and evaluate it as potential target for an integrated phytomedical treatment of HS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T01:47:21Z","timestamp":1660528041000},"page":"9057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Phytotherapeuthics Affecting the IL-1\/IL-17\/G-CSF Axis: A Complementary Treatment Option for Hidradenitis Suppurativa?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Katrin","family":"Witte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology\/Medical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration of Skin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Sabat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology\/Medical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Witte-H\u00e4ndel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology\/Medical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Ghoreschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7689-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Wolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology\/Medical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration of Skin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0149-1","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"6","author":"Sabat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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