{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:32:23Z","timestamp":1788352343372,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","award":["R01-DA013137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DA013137"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","award":["K99-DA056288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99-DA056288"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","award":["R01-MH106392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-MH106392"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","award":["R01-NS100624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-NS100624"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","award":["R01-DA013137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DA013137"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","award":["K99-DA056288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99-DA056288"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","award":["R01-MH106392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-MH106392"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health","award":["R01-NS100624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-NS100624"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","award":["R01-DA013137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DA013137"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","award":["K99-DA056288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99-DA056288"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","award":["R01-MH106392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-MH106392"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","award":["R01-NS100624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-NS100624"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Independently, chronic cocaine use and HIV-1 viral protein exposure induce neuroadaptations in the frontal-striatal circuit as evidenced by both clinical and preclinical studies; how the frontal-striatal circuit responds to HIV-1 infection following chronic drug use, however, has remained elusive. After establishing experience with both sucrose and cocaine self-administration, a pretest-posttest experimental design was utilized to evaluate preference judgment, a simple form of decision-making dependent upon the integrity of frontal-striatal circuit function. During the pretest assessment, male rats exhibited a clear preference for cocaine, whereas female animals preferred sucrose. Two posttest evaluations (3 days and 6 weeks post inoculation) revealed that, independent of biological sex, inoculation with chimeric HIV (EcoHIV), but not saline, disrupted decision-making. Prominent structural alterations in the frontal-striatal circuit were evidenced by synaptodendritic alterations in pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. Thus, the EcoHIV rat affords a valid animal model to critically investigate how the frontal-striatal circuit responds to HIV-1 infection following chronic drug use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T01:47:21Z","timestamp":1660528041000},"page":"9100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Disrupted Decision-Making: EcoHIV Inoculation in Cocaine Dependent Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kristen A.","family":"McLaurin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles F.","family":"Mactutus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Harrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3908-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemarie M.","family":"Booze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, April 14). 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