{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:23:55Z","timestamp":1790396635158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007642","name":"University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E83C22001960005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E83C22001960005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007642","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased the incidence of several dermatological disorders, including hair loss (HL). This article aims to review the literature regarding the incidence of HL and telogen effluvium (TE) in COVID-19 patients and critically appraise the available evidence regarding the role of regenerative strategies like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Human Follicle Stem Cells (HFSCs). A literature review regarding the correlation of HL and TE in COVID-19 patients analyzing the biomolecular pathway involved and the role of regenerative strategies was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases. Observational studies revealed an escalated incidence of pattern HL and TE in COVID-19 patients. Psychological stress, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress are potential culprits. Proinflammatory cytokines and stress hormones negatively affect the normal metabolism of proteoglycans. Reduced anagenic expression of proteoglycans is a potential mediating mechanism that connects HL to COVID-19. Currently, only one study has been published on PRP against HL in COVID-19 patients. Further controlled trials are required to confirm PRP and HFSCs efficacy in COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T01:47:21Z","timestamp":1660528041000},"page":"9116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium Related to COVID-19: The Potential Implication of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma as Regenerative Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3123-3977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Gentile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Science, \u201cTor Vergata\u201d University, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gentile, P., and Garcovich, S. The Effectiveness of Low-Level Light\/Laser Therapy on Hair Loss. Facial Plast. Surg. Aesthet. Med., 2021."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentile, P., Calabrese, C., De Angelis, B., Dionisi, L., Pizzicannella, J., Kothari, A., De Fazio, D., and Garcovich, S. (2020). Impact of the Different Preparation Methods to Obtain Autologous Non-Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma (A-PRP) and Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma (AA-PRP) in Plastic Surgery: Wound Healing and Hair Regrowth Evaluation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020431"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0107","article-title":"The effect of platelet-rich plasma in hair regrowth: A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Gentile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentile, P., Cole, J.P., Cole, M.A., Garcovich, S., Bielli, A., Scioli, M.G., Orlandi, A., Insalaco, C., Cervelli, V., and Piva, T. (2017). Evaluation of Not-Activated and Activated PRP in Hair Loss Treatment: Role of Growth Factor and Cytokine Concentrations Obtained by Different Collection Systems. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020408"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908123410706","article-title":"The biology of hair follicles","volume":"341","author":"Paus","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70107-8","article-title":"Immunopathology of the human hair follicle","volume":"17","author":"Jaworsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90696-C","article-title":"Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: Implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis","volume":"61","author":"Cotsarelis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44478","article-title":"Bald scalp in men with androgenetic alopecia retains hair follicle stem cells but lacks CD200-rich and CD34-positive hair follicle progenitor cells","volume":"121","author":"Garza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13986","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13986","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Seirafianpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19163","article-title":"Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: A rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases","volume":"183","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13949","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13949","article-title":"Analysis of dermatologic conditions in Turkey and Italy by using Google Trends analysis in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"33","author":"Kutlu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020). The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: Classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Microbiol., 5, 536\u2013544.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839","article-title":"Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review","volume":"324","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13443","article-title":"A preliminary observation: Male pattern hair loss among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain\u2014A potential clue to the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity","volume":"19","author":"Goren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.079","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia present in most patients hospitalized with COVID-19: The \u201cGabrin sign\u201d","volume":"83","author":"Wambier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.099","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia in COVID-19: Compared to age-matched epidemiologic studies and hospital outcomes with or without the Gabrin sign","volume":"83","author":"Wambier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.08.088","article-title":"Reply to \u201cComment on androgenetic alopecia present in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID-19\u201d","volume":"84","author":"Wambier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.023","article-title":"Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: A single-center longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14761","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14761","article-title":"Telogen effluvium associated with COVID-19 infection","volume":"34","author":"Olds","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-021-02754-5","article-title":"COVID-19 infection is a major cause of acute telogen effluvium","volume":"191","author":"Sharquie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"e181","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-induced telogen effluvium: A multicentric study","volume":"35","author":"Grimalt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14626","article-title":"Efficacy of QR678 Neo\u00ae hair growth factor formulation for the treatment of hair loss in Covid-19- induced persistent Telogen Effluvium-A prospective, clinical, single-blind study","volume":"21","author":"Shome","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27534","article-title":"A systematic review of acute telogen effluvium, a harrowing post-COVID-19 manifestation","volume":"94","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2021-0380","article-title":"Prevalence of telogen effluvium hair loss in COVID-19 patients and its relationship with disease severity","volume":"15","author":"Seyfi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monari, P., Gualdi, G., Bettoni, G., Costa, R., Ragni, G., Zani, F., Bianchi, G., Casella, S., Casella, E., and Crippa, M. (2022). Post-SARS-CoV-2 Acute Telogen Effluvium: An Expected Complication. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051234"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"s133","article-title":"A new look at the pathogenesis of hair loss","volume":"16","author":"Kircik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1404","article-title":"The role of inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"10","author":"Magro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"s135","article-title":"New insight into the pathophysiology of hair loss trigger a paradigm shift in the treatment approach","volume":"16","author":"Sadick","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Drug. Derm."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00121.x","article-title":"Characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in male pattern alopecia: Implications for pathogenesis","volume":"127","author":"Jaworsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00612.x","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia and microinflammation","volume":"39","author":"Michelet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"79","article-title":"Oxidative stress in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"9","author":"Prie","year":"2016","journal-title":"L. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/15476278.2020.1794271","article-title":"The Effects of Ischemia and Hyperoxygenation on Hair Growth and Cycle","volume":"16","author":"Kato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Organogenesis"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohyama, M., Matsudo, K., and Fujita, T. (2022). Management of hair loss after severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 infection: Insight into the pathophysiology with implication for better management. J. Dermatol., early view.","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16475"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06453.x","article-title":"Interferon-gamma is a potent inducer of catagen-like changes in cultured human anagen hair follicles","volume":"152","author":"Ito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30216-2","article-title":"COVID-19 cytokine storm: The interplay between inflammation and coagulation","volume":"8","author":"Jose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2004-168","article-title":"COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs","volume":"50","author":"Tufan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2020, October 05). Mental Health And COVID-19. Available online: https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/health-emergencies\/coronavirus-covid-19\/technical-guidance\/mental-health-and-covid-19."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"e8320","article-title":"Telogen Effluvium: A Review of the Literature","volume":"12","author":"Asghar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63877-1","article-title":"Stress inhibits hair growth in mice by induction of premature catagen development and deleterious perifollicular inflammatory events via neuropeptide substance P-dependent pathways","volume":"62","author":"Arck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3390\/children1030390","article-title":"Toxic Stress: Effects, Prevention and Treatment","volume":"1","author":"Franke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680240096017","article-title":"Telogen effluvium. New concepts and review","volume":"129","author":"Headington","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Stress and the Hair Growth Cycle: Cortisol-Induced Hair Growth Disruption","volume":"15","author":"Thom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1935-3","article-title":"Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drive depletion of melanocyte stem cells","volume":"577","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Kantrowitz, D. (2020, October 09). Stress-Induced Hair Loss in the Age of COVID-19. Miami Health News\u2014University of Miami Hospitals and Clinics. August 2020. Available online: https:\/\/news.umiamihealth.org\/en\/stress-induced-hair-loss-in-the-age-of-covid-19."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13923","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13923","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on hair diseases through a web-based questionnaire","volume":"33","author":"Turkmen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Sweet, J. (2020, October 12). COVID-19 Survivors Are Losing Their Hair\u2014Here\u2019s Why. Healthline. Available online: https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/covid-19-survivors-are-losing-their-hair-heres-why."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Pawlowski, A. (2020, October 12). I Was Freaking out: COVID-19 Survivors Say the Hair Loss is a Lingering Problem. Available online: https:\/\/www.today.com\/health\/covid-19-hair-loss-blamed-telogen-effluvium-treatment-regrowth-t188361."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentile, P. (2019). Autologous Cellular Method Using Micrografts of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Follicle Stem Cells in Androgenic Alopecia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143446"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentile, P., and Garcovich, S. (2019). Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt pathway, Growth-Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050466"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7020027","article-title":"Platelet-Rich Plasma and Micrografts Enriched with Autologous Human Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Hair Re-Growth in Androgenetic Alopecia. Biomolecular Pathway Analysis and Clinical Evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Gentile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.004","article-title":"Systematic review: The platelet-rich plasma use in female androgenetic alopecia as effective autologous treatment of regenerative plastic surgery","volume":"75","author":"Gentile","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02406-0","article-title":"Platelet Rich Plasma Hybridized Adipose Transplant (PHAT) for the Treatment of Hair Loss: A Case Series","volume":"45","author":"Talei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30216-3","article-title":"Association between high serum total cortisol concentrations and mortality from COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0228","article-title":"Transplantation of ACE2(-) Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.20-0146","article-title":"Cell-based therapy to reduce mortality from COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies on acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2020.1761322","article-title":"Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia","volume":"20","author":"Gentile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0422","article-title":"Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease","volume":"11","author":"Gentile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0711","article-title":"Research progress on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs), Drugs, and Vaccines in Inhibiting COVID-19 Disease","volume":"11","author":"Gentile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0121","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: The \u201cUncensored\u201d Truth about Its Origin and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as New Potential Immune-Modulatory Weapon","volume":"12","author":"Gentile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentile, P., and Garcovich, S. (2020). Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma Use in Androgenetic Alopecia Compared with Minoxidil\u00ae, Finasteride\u00ae, and Adult Stem Cell-Based Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082702"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"56406","article-title":"Mechanical and Controlled PRP Injections in Patients Affected by Androgenetic Alopecia","volume":"131","author":"Gentile","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.21037\/sci.2017.06.04","article-title":"Stem cells from human hair follicles: First mechanical isolation for immediate autologous clinical use in androgenetic alopecia and hair loss","volume":"4","author":"Gentile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Investig."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1517\/14656561003752730","article-title":"Male androgenetic alopecia","volume":"11","author":"Rathnayake","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"243","article-title":"The hair follicle: A paradoxical androgen target organ","volume":"54","author":"Randall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wettstein, L., Kirchhoff, F., and M\u00fcnch, J. (2022). The Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS2 as a Therapeutic Target for COVID-19 Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031351"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"e13047","article-title":"Early Antiandrogen Therapy With Dutasteride Reduces Viral Shedding, Inflammatory Responses, and Time-to-Remission in Males With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Interventional Trial (EAT-DUTA AndroCoV Trial\u2014Biochemical)","volume":"13","author":"Cadegiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14278","article-title":"Genomewide differential expression profiling of long non-coding RNAs in androgenetic alopecia in a Chinese male population","volume":"31","author":"Bao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. JEADV"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00694","article-title":"LncRNA H19 Overexpression Activates Wnt Signaling to Maintain the Hair Follicle Regeneration Potential of Dermal Papilla Cells","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aad4395","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad4395","article-title":"Hair follicle aging is driven by transepidermal elimination of stem cells via COL17A1 proteolysis","volume":"351","author":"Matsumura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002091","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Protects CD200-Rich and CD34-Positive Hair Follicle Stem Cells Against Androgen-Induced Apoptosis Through the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase\/Akt Pathway in Patients With Androgenic Alopecia","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7397162","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7397162","article-title":"Autologous Micrografts from Scalp Tissue: Trichoscopic and Long-Term Clinical Evaluation in Male and Female Androgenetic Alopecia","volume":"2020","author":"Gentile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5768","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13866","article-title":"The novel regulatory role of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14070","article-title":"Immune cell regulation of the hair cycle","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-010-9172-z","article-title":"Unveiling hair follicle stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.10.062","article-title":"miR-29a\/b1 Inhibits Hair Follicle Stem Cell Lineage Progression by Spatiotemporally Suppressing WNT and BMP Signaling","volume":"29","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.5.752","article-title":"Control of murine hair follicle regression (catagen) by TGF-beta1 in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Foitzik","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595178","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.595178","article-title":"An Intrinsic Oscillation of Gene Networks Inside Hair Follicle Stem Cells: An Additional Layer That Can Modulate Hair Stem Cell Activities","volume":"8","author":"Daszczuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.12.009","article-title":"A two-step mechanism for stem cell activation during hair regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Greco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18356","article-title":"Deciphering the molecular morphology of the human hair cycle: Wnt signaling during the telogen-anagen transformation","volume":"182","author":"Hawkshaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.10.018","article-title":"Androgens modify Wnt agonists\/antagonists expression balance in dermal papilla cells preventing hair follicle stem cell differentiation in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"439","author":"Ceruti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/16\/9116\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:08:38Z","timestamp":1760141318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/16\/9116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23169116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23169116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]}}}