{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:19:34Z","timestamp":1773663574369,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"strategic academic leadership program \u201cPriority 2030\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A paradoxical reduction in anxiety levels in chronic predator stress paradigm (PS) in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats has recently been shown in previous works. In this paper, we studied the possible neurobiological mechanism of this phenomenon. We segregated PS-exposed Sprague\u2013Dawley rats into the high- and low-anxiety phenotypes. The long-lasting effects of PS on corticosterone levels, blood flow speed in the carotid arteries, diffusion coefficient, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in the hippocampus were compared in the high-anxiety and low-anxiety rats. In addition, we evaluated the gene BDNF expression in the hippocampus which is considered to be a main factor of neuroplasticity. We demonstrated that in low-anxiety rats, the corticosterone level was decreased and carotid blood flow speed was increased. Moreover, in the hippocampus of low-anxiety rats compared to the control group and high-anxiety rats, the following changes were observed: (a) a decrease in N-acetyl aspartate levels with a simultaneous increase in phosphoryl ethanol amine levels; (b) an increase in lipid peroxidation levels; (c) a decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient value; (d) an increase in BDNF gene expression. Based on these findings, we proposed that stress-induced anxiety reduction is associated with the elevation of BDNF gene expression directly. Low corticosterone levels and a rise in carotid blood flow speed might facilitate BDNF gene expression. Meanwhile, the decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient value and decrease in N-acetyl aspartate levels, as well as an increase in the lipid peroxidation levels, in the hippocampus possibly reflected destructive changes in the hippocampus. We suggested that in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats, these morphological alterations might be considered as an impetus for further increase in neuroplasticity in the hippocampus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T20:58:08Z","timestamp":1660597088000},"page":"9151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Paradoxical Anxiety Level Reduction in Animal Chronic Stress: A Unique Role of Hippocampus Neurobiology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Vadim","family":"Tseilikman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Akulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3200-958X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Shevelev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Khotskina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Kontsevaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Moshkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3117-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Fedotova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Pashkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia"},{"name":"FSBI \u201cFederal Neurosurgical Center\u201d, Nemirovich-Danchenko Str. 132\/1, 630087 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Tseilikman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medicine, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Agletdinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AO Vector-Best, Koltsovo Village, Research and Production Zone, Building 36, Room 211, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tseilikman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Kondashevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgenii","family":"Zavjalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110995","article-title":"Association between chronic stress and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Therapeutic effects of Saffron","volume":"133","author":"Saeedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. 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