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Further, EsigGOBP1 was identified through larval head transcriptome and speculated as the main odorant-binding proteins in E. signifer larvae. In this study, the highest expression of EsigGOBP1 was only expressed in the heads of 3rd instar larvae of E. signifer, compared with the thorax and abdomen; this was consistent with the phenomenon of habitat transfer of 3rd instar larvae, indicating that EsigGOBP1 was a key OBP gene in E. signifer larvae. Results of fluorescence competition binding assays (FCBA) showed that EsigGOBP1 had high binding affinities to eight GC-EAD active ligands. Furthermore, screening of key active odorants for EsigGOBP1 and molecular docking analysis, indicated that EsigGOBP1 showed high binding activity to alpha-phellandrene in 3rd instar larvae of E. signifer. Conformational analysis of the EsigGOBP1-alpha-phellandrene complex, showed that MET49 and GLU38 were the key sites involved in binding. These results demonstrated that EsigGOBP1 is a key odorant-binding protein in E. signifer larvae, which recognizes and transports eight key volatiles from eucalyptus trunk, especially the main eucalyptus trunks volatile, alpha-phellandrene. Taken together, our results showed that EsigGOBP1 is involved in host selection of E. signifer larvae, which would aid in developing EsigGOBP1 as molecular targets for controlling pests at the larval stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T21:23:56Z","timestamp":1660771436000},"page":"9269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["EsigGOBP1: The Key Protein Binding Alpha-Phellandrene in Endoclita signifer Larvae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-063X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enhua","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhende","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhisong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengfei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziting","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning 540003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/293161a0","article-title":"Pheromone binding and inactivation by moth antennae","volume":"293","author":"Vogt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, J., Yang, M., Dong, K., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Xie, M., Wu, W., Zhang, Y.J., and Chen, Z. 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