{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T05:21:59Z","timestamp":1774156919336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001744","name":"International Science and Technology Center (ISTC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A-2140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-2140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001744","name":"International Science and Technology Center (ISTC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Committee of Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of Armenia","award":["A-2140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-2140"]}]},{"name":"Science Committee of Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of Armenia","award":["E17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E17"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we analysed human isolates of nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (NTS), which were collected from salmonellosis cases in Armenia from 1996 to 2019. This disease became a leading food-borne bacterial infection in the region, with the younger age groups especially affected. The isolates were characterised by serotyping, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR) typing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The main serotypes were S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and S. Arizonae. ERIC-PCR indicated a high degree of clonality among S. Typhimurium strains, which were also multidrug-resistant and produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases. During the study period, the frequency of S. Typhimurium and S. Arizonae isolations decreased, but with the increase in S. Enteritidis and other NTS. A total of 42 NTS isolates were subjected to WGS and explored for virulence-related traits and the corresponding genetic elements. Some virulence and genetic factors were shared by all NTS serotypes, while the main differences were attributed to the serotype-specific diversity of virulence genes, SPIs, virulence plasmids, and phages. The results indicated the variability and dynamics in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and a high virulence potential of human NTS isolates circulating in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T21:39:21Z","timestamp":1660858761000},"page":"9330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology and Virulence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Armenia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9013-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anahit","family":"Sedrakyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanna","family":"Ktsoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Arakelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaruhi","family":"Gevorgyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalina","family":"Zakharyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoghik","family":"Hakobyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvard","family":"Hovhannisyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6851-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arsen","family":"Arakelyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rustam","family":"Aminov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2465-2467.2000","article-title":"Salmonella nomenclature","volume":"38","author":"Brenner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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