{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T07:48:27Z","timestamp":1784447307714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology","award":["2021R1A2B5B0100214911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2B5B0100214911"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology","award":["HI22C1363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C1363"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2B5B0100214911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2B5B0100214911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI22C1363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C1363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adaptive natural killer (NK) cells expressing self-specific inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) can be expanded in vivo in response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Developing a method to preferentially expand this subset is essential for effective targeting of allogeneic cancer cells. A previous study developed an in vitro method to generate single KIR+ NK cells for enhanced targeting of the primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells; however, the expansion rate was quite low. Here, we present an effective expansion method using genetically modified K562-HLA-E feeder cells for long-term proliferation of adaptive NK cells displaying highly differentiated phenotype and comparable cytotoxicity, CD107a, and interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) production. More importantly, our expansion method achieved more than a 10,000-fold expansion of adaptive NK cells after 6 weeks of culture, providing a high yield of alloreactive NK cells for cell therapy against cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T22:23:13Z","timestamp":1661120593000},"page":"9426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Selective Expansion of NKG2C+ Adaptive NK Cells Using K562 Cells Expressing HLA-E"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Minh-Trang Thi","family":"Phan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Kwon","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuree","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mijeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio Research Center, Lugensci Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14556, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Suk","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0292-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilwoong","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi 39371, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duck","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1581","article-title":"Up on the tightrope: Natural killer cell activation and inhibition","volume":"9","author":"Lanier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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