{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:41:16Z","timestamp":1793295676628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":225,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2014\u20132020 Operational Programme FEDER in Andalusia","award":["FMM-AP17196-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMM-AP17196-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis has been defined as the silent disease of the 21st century, becoming a public health risk due to its severity, chronicity and progression and affecting mainly postmenopausal women and older adults. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone production. It is diagnosed through different methods such as bone densitometry and dual X-rays. The treatment of this pathology focuses on different aspects. On the one hand, pharmacological treatments are characterized by the use of anti-resorptive drugs, as well as emerging regenerative medicine treatments such as cell therapies and the use of bioactive hydrogels. On the other hand, non-pharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle habits that should be incorporated, such as physical activity, diet and the cessation of harmful habits such as a high consumption of alcohol or smoking. This review seeks to provide an overview of the theoretical basis in relation to bone biology, the existing methods for diagnosis and the treatments of osteoporosis, including the development of new strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T22:23:13Z","timestamp":1661120593000},"page":"9465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":402,"title":["Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9386-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Aibar-Almaz\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Campus de Las Lagunillas SN, University of Ja\u00e9n, E-23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Voltes-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, E-18011 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, E-18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"BioFab i3D-Biofabrication and 3D (Bio) Printing Laboratory, University of Granada, E-18011 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6233-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Castellote-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Campus de Las Lagunillas SN, University of Ja\u00e9n, E-23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7958-0751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Fernando","family":"Afanador-Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIPATEFI Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, University Foundation of the \u00c1rea Andina, Pereira 660001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Carcel\u00e9n-Fraile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Campus de Las Lagunillas SN, University of Ja\u00e9n, E-23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Campus de Las Lagunillas SN, University of Ja\u00e9n, E-23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, E-18011 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, E-18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"BioFab i3D-Biofabrication and 3D (Bio) Printing Laboratory, University of Granada, E-18011 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050224","article-title":"Interim report and recommendations of the World Health Organization Task-Force for Osteoporosis","volume":"10","author":"Genant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos. 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