{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:31:09Z","timestamp":1783341069556,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/01311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["PI18\/01311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01311"]}]},{"name":"Investigo Program","award":["PI18\/01311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01311"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) and IGF binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7) have been related to schizophrenia (SZ) due to their implication in neurodevelopment. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the alterations in IGF-2 and IGFBP-7 in SZ patients are intrinsically related to the psychiatric disorder itself or are a secondary phenomenon due to antipsychotic treatment. In order to test this hypothesis, we measured plasma IGF-2 and IGFBP-7 in drug-na\u00efve first episode (FE) and multiple episodes or chronic (ME) SZ Caucasian patients who have been following treatment for years. A total of 55 SZ patients (FE = 15, ME = 40) and 45 healthy controls were recruited. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Self-Assessment Anhedonia Scale (SAAS) were employed to check schizophrenic symptomatology and anhedonia, respectively. Plasma IGF-2 and IGFBP-7 levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The FE SZ patients had much lower IGF-2, but not IGFBP-7, than controls. Moreover, both IGF-2 and IGFBP-7 significantly increased after atypical antipsychotic treatment (aripiprazole, olanzapine, or risperidone) in these patients. On the other hand, chronic patients showed higher levels of both proteins when compared to controls. Our study suggests that circulatory IGF-2 and IGFBP-7 increase after antipsychotic treatment, regardless of long-term conditions and being lower in drug-na\u00efve FE patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T21:03:51Z","timestamp":1661375031000},"page":"9591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP-7) Are Upregulated after Atypical Antipsychotics in Spanish Schizophrenia Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, 36213 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"NeuroEpigenetics Lab, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Rare Disease and Pediatric Medicine Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ar\u00e1nzazu","family":"Penedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, 36213 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"NeuroEpigenetics Lab, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Rivera-Baltanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, 36213 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, 36213 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Vigo, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1098-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saida","family":"Ortolano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Disease and Pediatric Medicine Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2480-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, 36213 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Vigo, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto Carlos","family":"Ag\u00eds-Balboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, 36213 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"NeuroEpigenetics Lab, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Movement Disorders Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), \u00c1rea Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), SERGAS-USC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16458-1","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"363","author":"Mueser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100199","article-title":"The role of dopamine receptors in lymphocytes and their changes in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Penedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. 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