{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:32:54Z","timestamp":1793194374310,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study aims to evaluate the possible neuroprotective impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and an alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) mixture against brain damage in irradiated rats. AuNPs were synthesized and characterized using different techniques. Then, a preliminary investigation was carried out to determine the neuroprotective dose of AuNPs, where three single doses (500, 1000, and 1500 \u00b5g\/kg) were orally administrated to male Wistar rats, one hour before being exposed to a single dose of 7Gy gamma radiation. One day following irradiation, the estimation of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, MDA; glutathione peroxidase, GPX), DNA fragmentation, and histopathological alterations were performed in brain cortical and hippocampal tissues in both normal and irradiated rats. The chosen neuroprotective dose of AuNPs (1000 \u00b5g\/kg) was processed with ALA (100 mg\/kg) to prepare the AuNPs-ALA mixture. The acute neuroprotective effect of AuNPs-ALA in irradiated rats was determined against valproic acid as a neuroprotective centrally acting reference drug. All drugs were orally administered one hour before the 7Gy-gamma irradiation. One day following irradiation, animals were sacrificed and exposed to examinations such as those of the preliminary experiment. Administration of AuNPs, ALA, and AuNPs-ALA mixture before irradiation significantly attenuated the radiation-induced oxidative stress through amelioration of MDA content and GPX activity along with alleviating DNA fragmentation and histopathological changes in both cortical and hippocampal tissues. Notably, the AuNPs-ALA mixture showed superior effect compared to that of AuNPs or ALA alone, as it mitigated oxidative stress, DNA damage, and histopathological injury collectively. Administration of AuNPs-ALA resulted in normalized MDA content, increased GPX activity, restored DNA content in the cortex and hippocampus besides only mild histopathological changes. The present data suggest that the AuNPs-ALA mixture may be considered a potential candidate for alleviating radiation-associated brain toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T21:28:12Z","timestamp":1661462892000},"page":"9640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Neuroprotective Effect of Gold Nanoparticles and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Mixture against Radiation-Induced Brain Damage in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7026-283X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha F.","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"El-Batal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)\u2014Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara M.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)\u2014Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asrar M.","family":"Hawas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)\u2014Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seham H. M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)\u2014Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nihad I.","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsao, M.N., Lloyd, N.S., and Wong, R.K.S. (2005). Clinical practice guideline on the optimal radiotherapeutic management of brain metastases. 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